CREATE TABLE AS SELECT 时 MySQL 锁定

Question

CREATE TABLE AS SELECT 时 MySQL 锁定

我正在运行以下（虚拟）查询

CREATE TABLE large_temp_table AS 
    SELECT a.*, b.*, c.* 
    FROM a
    LEFT JOIN b ON a.foo = b.foo
    LEFT JOIN c ON a.bar = c.bar

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假设查询运行需要 10 分钟。在运行时尝试更新表 a、b 或 c 中的值将等待上述查询首先完成。我想避免这个锁（不关心数据一致性）。我怎样才能做到这一点？

使用：MySQL 5.1.41 和 InnoDB 表

ps 设置事务隔离级别读取未提交；不会改变行为

更新在执行查询时，显示 ENGINE INNODB STATUS 的输出如下（我特意在这里做了一个非常慢的查询）

=====================================
120323 15:26:29 INNODB MONITOR OUTPUT
=====================================
Per second averages calculated from the last 8 seconds
----------
SEMAPHORES
----------
OS WAIT ARRAY INFO: reservation count 1470, signal count 1468
Mutex spin waits 0, rounds 7525, OS waits 112
RW-shared spins 803, OS waits 364; RW-excl spins 1300, OS waits 959
------------
TRANSACTIONS
------------
Trx id counter 0 3145870
Purge done for trx's n:o < 0 3141943 undo n:o < 0 0
History list length 22
LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION:
---TRANSACTION 0 0, not started, OS thread id 2958192640
MySQL thread id 7942, query id 69073 localhost root
SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS
---TRANSACTION 0 3145869, ACTIVE 20 sec, OS thread id 2955325440, thread declared inside InnoDB 343
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
6 lock struct(s), heap size 1024, 162 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 7935, query id 69037 localhost root Copying to tmp table
CREATE TABLE 1_temp_foo AS
                       SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE
                           a.*
                       FROM
                           crm_companies AS a
                       LEFT JOIN users b ON a.zipcode = b.uid
                       LEFT JOIN calc_base_materials c ON a.zipcode = c.material_id
                       LEFT JOIN calc_base_material_langtext d ON a.zipcode = d.material_id
                       LEFT JOIN crm_people e ON a.zipcode = e.telephone1_number
                       ORDER BY a.country, a.name1
--------
FILE I/O
--------
I/O thread 0 state: waiting for i/o request (insert buffer thread)
I/O thread 1 state: waiting for i/o request (log thread)
I/O thread 2 state: waiting for i/o request (read thread)
I/O thread 3 state: waiting for i/o request (write thread)
Pending normal aio reads: 0, aio writes: 0,
ibuf aio reads: 0, log i/o's: 0, sync i/o's: 0
Pending flushes (fsync) log: 0; buffer pool: 0
27579 OS file reads, 613 OS file writes, 392 OS fsyncs
0.00 reads/s, 0 avg bytes/read, 0.00 writes/s, 0.00 fsyncs/s
-------------------------------------
INSERT BUFFER AND ADAPTIVE HASH INDEX
-------------------------------------
Ibuf: size 1, free list len 5, seg size 7,
0 inserts, 0 merged recs, 0 merges
Hash table size 34679, node heap has 9 buffer(s)
0.00 hash searches/s, 0.00 non-hash searches/s
---
LOG
---
Log sequence number 1 2030837110
Log flushed up to   1 2030837110
Last checkpoint at  1 2030837110
0 pending log writes, 0 pending chkp writes
231 log i/o's done, 0.00 log i/o's/second
----------------------
BUFFER POOL AND MEMORY
----------------------
Total memory allocated 21060366; in additional pool allocated 1048576
Dictionary memory allocated 2897304
Buffer pool size   512
Free buffers       0
Database pages     503
Modified db pages  0
Pending reads 0
Pending writes: LRU 0, flush list 0, single page 0
Pages read 36022, created 166, written 504
0.00 reads/s, 0.00 creates/s, 0.00 writes/s
Buffer pool hit rate 1000 / 1000
--------------
ROW OPERATIONS
--------------
1 queries inside InnoDB, 0 queries in queue
1 read views open inside InnoDB
Main thread id 2957578240, state: waiting for server activity
Number of rows inserted 2022, updated 7, deleted 13, read 528536
0.00 inserts/s, 0.00 updates/s, 0.00 deletes/s, 8.00 reads/s
----------------------------
END OF INNODB MONITOR OUTPUT
============================

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更新 2

在查询运行时尝试更新 b、c 或 d 时，INNODB 状态如下：

=====================================
120323 16:12:58 INNODB MONITOR OUTPUT
=====================================
Per second averages calculated from the last 27 seconds
----------
SEMAPHORES
----------
OS WAIT ARRAY INFO: reservation count 2959, signal count 2957
Mutex spin waits 0, rounds 27587, OS waits 426
RW-shared spins 1321, OS waits 516; RW-excl spins 2578, OS waits 1855
------------
TRANSACTIONS
------------
Trx id counter 0 3145998
Purge done for trx's n:o < 0 3145994 undo n:o < 0 0
History list length 0
LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION:
---TRANSACTION 0 0, not started, OS thread id 2958602240
MySQL thread id 7990, query id 69621 localhost root
SHOW INNODB STATUS
---TRANSACTION 0 3145997, ACTIVE 35 sec, OS thread id 2955325440, thread declared inside InnoDB 227
mysql tables in use 1, locked 0
MySQL thread id 7984, query id 69594 localhost root Copying to tmp table
CREATE TABLE 1_temp_foo AS
                       SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE
                           a.*
                       FROM
                           crm_companies AS a
                       LEFT JOIN users b ON a.zipcode = b.uid
                       LEFT JOIN calc_base_materials c ON a.zipcode = c.material_id
                       LEFT JOIN calc_base_material_langtext d ON a.zipcode = d.material_id
                       LEFT JOIN crm_people e ON a.zipcode = e.telephone1_number
                       ORDER BY a.country, a.name1
Trx read view will not see trx with id >= 0 3145998, sees < 0 3145998
--------
FILE I/O
--------
I/O thread 0 state: waiting for i/o request (insert buffer thread)
I/O thread 1 state: waiting for i/o request (log thread)
I/O thread 2 state: waiting for i/o request (read thread)
I/O thread 3 state: waiting for i/o request (write thread)
Pending normal aio reads: 0, aio writes: 0,
ibuf aio reads: 0, log i/o's: 0, sync i/o's: 0
Pending flushes (fsync) log: 0; buffer pool: 0
54447 OS file reads, 1335 OS file writes, 509 OS fsyncs
0.00 reads/s, 0 avg bytes/read, 0.00 writes/s, 0.00 fsyncs/s
-------------------------------------
INSERT BUFFER AND ADAPTIVE HASH INDEX
-------------------------------------
Ibuf: size 1, free list len 5, seg size 7,
584 inserts, 584 merged recs, 4 merges
Hash table size 34679, node heap has 1 buffer(s)
0.00 hash searches/s, 0.00 non-hash searches/s
---
LOG
---
Log sequence number 1 2060137545
Log flushed up to   1 2060137545
Last checkpoint at  1 2060137545
0 pending log writes, 0 pending chkp writes
338 log i/o's done, 0.00 log i/o's/second
----------------------
BUFFER POOL AND MEMORY
----------------------
Total memory allocated 20799534; in additional pool allocated 1047808
Dictionary memory allocated 2897304
Buffer pool size   512
Free buffers       0
Database pages     511
Modified db pages  0
Pending reads 0
Pending writes: LRU 0, flush list 0, single page 0
Pages read 70769, created 661, written 3156
0.00 reads/s, 0.00 creates/s, 0.00 writes/s
Buffer pool hit rate 1000 / 1000
--------------
ROW OPERATIONS
--------------
1 queries inside InnoDB, 0 queries in queue
2 read views open inside InnoDB
Main thread id 2957578240, state: waiting for server activity
Number of rows inserted 2022, updated 66643, deleted 13, read 626517
0.00 inserts/s, 0.00 updates/s, 0.00 deletes/s, 7.59 reads/s
----------------------------
END OF INNODB MONITOR OUTPUT
============================

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并有实际打开的进程列表

进程列表

Answer 1

Rol*_*DBA 12

我在你的 SHOW INNODB STATUS\G

CREATE TABLE 1_temp_foo AS 
                   SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE 
                       a.* 
                   FROM 
                       crm_companies AS a 
                   LEFT JOIN users b ON a.zipcode = b.uid 
                   LEFT JOIN calc_base_materials c ON a.zipcode = c.material_id 
                   LEFT JOIN calc_base_material_langtext d ON a.zipcode = d.material_id 
                   LEFT JOIN crm_people e ON a.zipcode = e.telephone1_number 
                   ORDER BY a.country, a.name1

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这个查询让我毛骨悚然，因为它结合了您可能没有想到的三件事：

InnoDB 根据您的初始前提参与： Using: MySQL 5.1.41 and InnoDB Tables
MyISAM 也参与其中。为什么涉及 MyISAM？所有内部温度表都是 MyISAM ！！！生成的连接是一个 MyISAM 表，必须在填充临时表时将其转换为 InnoDB。MyISAM 表的默认锁级别是多少？表级锁定。
由于必须使新创建的表存在，因此涉及 DDL。在填充临时表、转换为 InnoDB 并最终重命名1_temp_foo.

还有另一个值得注意的副作用。当你做

CREATE TABLE tblname AS SELECT ...

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结果表没有索引。

我有一些你可能会发现有助于绕过锁定问题的东西。它涉及首先将表作为一个单独的查询，然后填充它。制作临时表有两种选择：

选项 #1：尝试创建具有相同布局的表格

CREATE TABLE 1_temp_foo LIKE crm_companies;

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这将创建1_temp_foo具有与原始表完全相同的索引和存储引擎的表crm_companies。

选项#2：尝试仅使用相同的存储引擎创建表，但没有索引。

CREATE TABLE 1_temp_foo SELECT * FROM crm_companies WHERE 1=2;
ALTER TABLE 1_temp_foo ENGINE=InnoDB;

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创建表格后（无论您选择哪种方式），您现在可以像这样填充表格：

INSERT INTO 1_temp_foo
SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE a.*                   
FROM                   
    crm_companies AS a                   
    LEFT JOIN users b ON a.zipcode = b.uid                   
    LEFT JOIN calc_base_materials c ON a.zipcode = c.material_id                   
    LEFT JOIN calc_base_material_langtext d ON a.zipcode = d.material_id                   
    LEFT JOIN crm_people e ON a.zipcode = e.telephone1_number                   
    ORDER BY a.country, a.name
;

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现在，为了让数据可用于可重复读取，此查询应生成行级锁。换句话说，这是一个事务性查询。

警告

选项 #2 比选项 #1 有优势

优势 #1：如果 crm_companies 有任何外键约束，则选项 #1 不太可能。为简单起见，您必须选择选项 #2。
优势 #2：由于选项 #2 创建的表没有用户定义的索引，因此该表的加载速度应该比通过选项 #1 创建的表更快。

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