我正在尝试创建一个 virtualenv 环境，但遇到此错误：
user@mylaptop:~$ virtualenv -p ~/Public/Programming/project1/
Running virtualenv with interpreter /home/user/Public/Programming/Project1/
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/virtualenv", line 9, in <module>
load_entry_point('virtualenv==12.0.6', 'console_scripts', 'virtualenv')()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 784, in main
popen = subprocess.Popen([interpreter, file] + sys.argv[1:], env=env)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 710, in __init__
errread, errwrite)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 1327, in _execute_child
raise child_exception
OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied
我该怎么办？
我通过下载 jdk-7u40-linux-x64.tar.gz 并点击此链接手动安装了 Java Jdk 。当我检查它的版本时，它没问题：
user@mylaptop:~$ java -version
java version "1.7.0_40"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_40-b43)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.0-b56, mixed mode)
但是当我尝试使用以下命令安装 pip 时：
sudo apt-get install python-pip
或输入如下内容：
sudo apt-get -f install
我收到此错误：
user@mylaptop:~$ sudo apt-get install python-pip
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
python-pip is already the newest version.
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
fonts-dejavu-extra libbonobo2-0 libbonobo2-common libgconf2-4 libgnome2-0 …我想为运行 Django 的一些长注释创建永久别名，例如现在我使用的运行 django 服务器：
$ cd test/
$ . bin/activate
$ cd project
$ python manage.py runserver 4321
我怎样才能像永久命令一样缩短所有这些：pyrun
谢谢。