更新/升级不起作用（因为分阶段更新）

Question

我尝试像往常一样进行 sudo 更新和升级，但它显示

The following packages have been kept back:
  base-files python3-distupgrade python3-gi python3-gi-cairo
  ubuntu-release-upgrader-core ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.

我试过了：

• 正常程序（sudo apt更新和升级）
• apt-get 过程
• sudo -i 并执行正常程序 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Il_Za-wlW5I （本视频中的内容）
• 更改软件更新程序以及软件和更新设置

（还尝试重新启动我的笔记本电脑）

在我尝试安装 USB 和 SD 卡之前。当我尝试这个时，我当时没有网络连接。我尝试更新，当然没用。注意到并重新连接后，我确实安装了一些更新，但随后它卡在了显示器上

完整显示： sudo apt update

[sudo] password for dcg: 
Hit:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Hit:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease
Hit:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease
Hit:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
6 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
W: Target Sources (restricted/source/Sources) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:2 and /etc/apt/sources.list:7
W: Target Sources (restricted/source/Sources) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:2 and /etc/apt/sources.list:7
dcg@dcg-IdeaPad-5-15ITL05:~$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  base-files python3-distupgrade python3-gi python3-gi-cairo
  ubuntu-release-upgrader-core ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.

更新列表：

cg@dcg-IdeaPad-5-15ITL05:~$ apt list --upgradable
Listing... Done
base-files/jammy-updates 12ubuntu4.2 amd64 [upgradable from: 12ubuntu4.1]
python3-distupgrade/jammy-updates,jammy-updates 1:22.04.12 all [upgradable from: 1:22.04.11]
python3-gi-cairo/jammy-updates 3.42.1-0ubuntu1 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.42.0-3build1]
python3-gi/jammy-updates 3.42.1-0ubuntu1 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.42.0-3build1]
ubuntu-release-upgrader-core/jammy-updates,jammy-updates 1:22.04.12 all [upgradable from: 1:22.04.11]
ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk/jammy-updates,jammy-updates 1:22.04.12 all [upgradable from: 1:22.04.11]

dcg@dcg-IdeaPad-5-15ITL05:~$ sudo apt update
Hit:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease [114 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease [99,8 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease [110 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main i386 Packages [260 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 Packages [474 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 Packages [196 kB]
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe i386 Packages [102 kB]
Fetched 1356 kB in 4s (386 kB/s)                        
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
6 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
W: Target Sources (restricted/source/Sources) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:2 and /etc/apt/sources.list:7
W: Target Sources (restricted/source/Sources) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:2 and /etc/apt/sources.list:7
dcg@dcg-IdeaPad-5-15ITL05:~$ sudo apt full-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  base-files python3-distupgrade ubuntu-release-upgrader-core
  ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk
The following packages will be upgraded:
  python3-gi python3-gi-cairo
2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded.
Need to get 237 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1024 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-gi-cairo amd64 3.42.1-0ubuntu1 [8184 B]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-gi amd64 3.42.1-0ubuntu1 [229 kB]
Fetched 237 kB in 1s (410 kB/s)    
(Reading database ... 215354 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../python3-gi-cairo_3.42.1-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python3-gi-cairo (3.42.1-0ubuntu1) over (3.42.0-3build1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../python3-gi_3.42.1-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python3-gi (3.42.1-0ubuntu1) over (3.42.0-3build1) ...
Setting up python3-gi (3.42.1-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up python3-gi-cairo (3.42.1-0ubuntu1) ...

（从这里开始只有4个包没有升级...我不知道另外2个是如何升级的）

使用 sudo apt full-update：

dcg@dcg-IdeaPad-5-15ITL05:~$ sudo apt update
Hit:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease [114 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease [99,8 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease [110 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main i386 Packages [260 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 Packages [474 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 Packages [196 kB]
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe i386 Packages [102 kB]
Fetched 1356 kB in 4s (386 kB/s)                        
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
6 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
W: Target Sources (restricted/source/Sources) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:2 and /etc/apt/sources.list:7
W: Target Sources (restricted/source/Sources) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:2 and /etc/apt/sources.list:7
dcg@dcg-IdeaPad-5-15ITL05:~$ sudo apt full-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  base-files python3-distupgrade ubuntu-release-upgrader-core
  ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk
The following packages will be upgraded:
  python3-gi python3-gi-cairo
2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded.
Need to get 237 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1024 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-gi-cairo amd64 3.42.1-0ubuntu1 [8184 B]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-gi amd64 3.42.1-0ubuntu1 [229 kB]
Fetched 237 kB in 1s (410 kB/s)    
(Reading database ... 215354 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../python3-gi-cairo_3.42.1-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python3-gi-cairo (3.42.1-0ubuntu1) over (3.42.0-3build1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../python3-gi_3.42.1-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python3-gi (3.42.1-0ubuntu1) over (3.42.0-3build1) ...
Setting up python3-gi (3.42.1-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up python3-gi-cairo (3.42.1-0ubuntu1) ...

Answer 1

base-files, python3-distupgrade, ubuntu-release-upgrader-core, ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk在您提出问题时，所有四个保留的软件包 ( ) 都处于分阶段更新中。

• 分阶段更新是一种预防措施，可防止每个人通过升级收到有问题的软件包：有些人提前几天升级，其他人则晚几天升级。如果早期的人报告问题，这提供了暂停分发的机会。

没有任何错误。你的系统没有坏。

不要尝试强制升级。当轮到你的时候，Apt 会自动正确安装每个升级包。分阶段通常持续一周左右。只需运行apt update并apt upgrade在几天内再次运行即可。

• 安全升级通常不会分阶段进行。每个人都会立即得到这些。您问题中的四个软件包是分阶段的，因此不是安全升级。

如何查看分阶段更新：

$ apt policy base-files 
base-files:
  Installed: 12ubuntu4.1
  Candidate: 12ubuntu4.2
  Version table:
     12ubuntu4.2 500 (phased 60%) <------------ There it is!
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 Packages
 *** 12ubuntu4.1 100
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     12ubuntu4 500
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 Packages

您还可以在https://people.canonical.com/%7Eubuntu-archive/phased-updates.html查看某些（不是全部）软件包的分阶段更新状态

如何跳过分阶段、跳到队列头部并无论如何安装新软件包：

使用 (option) 标志告诉 apt 你想要什么-o。

apt -o APT::Get::Always-Include-Phased-Updates=true upgrade

• 对于大多数用户来说，不建议跳到队列的头部。您自愿成为测试员；以免任何错误首先影响您。更新中的错误很少见，但确实会发生。