Xubuntu 20.04无法正常启动，启动时出现很多错误，并且无法启动桌面环境。我怎样才能解决这个问题？

Question

以下是我掌握的有关正在发生的事情的所有信息：

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系统信息：

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• 联想ThinkPad T420
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• XUbuntu 20.04
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• 金士顿 240GB A400 SATA 3 2.5 英寸内置 SSD SA400S37/240G
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• 16GB内存
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安装的内核：

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• Ubuntu，带有 Linux 5.13.0-41-generic
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• Ubuntu，Linux 5.13.0-41-generic（恢复模式）
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• Ubuntu，带有 Linux 5.4.0-110-generic
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• Ubuntu，使用 Linux 5.4.0-110-generic（恢复模式）
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当我重新启动机器时，我看到许多这样的错误：

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         Starting Remount Root and Kernel File Systems...\n[        ] EXT4-fs (sda5): Unrecognized mount option "errors=remount -rw" or missing value\n[FAILED] Failed to activate swap /swapfile.\nSee \'systemctl status swapfile.swap\' for details\n[DEPEND] Dependency failed for Swap.\n         Starting Remount Root and Kernel File Systems...\n[        ] EXT4-fs (sda5): Unrecognized mount option "errors=remount -rw" or missing value\n[FAILED] Failed to start Remount Root and Kernel File Systems.\nSee \'systemctl status systemd-remount-fs.service\' for details.\n[FAILED] Failed to activate swap /swapfile.\nSee \'systemctl status swapfile.swap\' for details\n[DEPEND] Dependency failed for Swap.\n         Starting Remount Root and Kernel File Systems...\n[        ] EXT4-fs (sda5): Unrecognized mount option "errors=remount -rw" or missing value\n[FAILED] Failed to start Remount Root and Kernel File Systems.\n[  OK  ] Found device KINGSTON_SA400S37240G 1.A\n         Activating swap /swapfile...\n         Starting File System Check.../dev/disk/by-uuid/A8E3-58E9...\n[FAILED] Failed to activate swap /swapfile.\nSee \'systemctl status swapfile.swap\' for details\n[DEPEND] Dependency failed for Swap.\n[  OK  ] Started File System Check Daemon to report status.\n

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当我登录时 - 仅在 GUI 未启动时使用命令行 - 我看到以下内容：

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/usr/lib/ubuntu-release-upgrader/release-upgrade-motd: 31: cannot create /var/lib/ubuntu-release-upgrader/release-upgrade-available: Read-only file system\nmktemp: failed to create file via template \'/var/lib/update-notifier/tmp.XXXXXXXXXX\': Read-only file system\nrun-parts: /etc/update-motd.d/95-hwe-eol exited with return code 1\n/usr/lib/update-notifier/update-motd-fsck-at-reboot: 38: cannot create /var/lib/update-notifier/fsck-at-reboot: Read-only file system\n

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和

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/lib/recovery-mode/recovery-menu: line 80: /etc/default/rcS: No such file or directory\nfsck from util-linux 2.3.4\n/dev/sda5: clean, 531702/14622720 files, 19917791/58476032 blocks\nfsck.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24)\n0x41: Dirty bit is set. Fs was not properly unmounted and some data may be corrupt.\n Automatically removing dirty bit.\nPerforming changes.\n/dev/sda1: 0 files, 1/130812 clusters\nJob for systemd-remount-fs.service failed because the control process exited with error code.\nSee "systemctl status systemd-remount-fs.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.\n

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以下是一些命令的输出：

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# lsblk

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NAME      MAJ:MIN RM      SIZE   R0    TYPE    MOUNTPOINT\nsda         8:0    0    223.6G    0    disk\n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80sda1      8:1    0      512M    0    part    /boot/efi\n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80sda2      8:2    0        1K    0    part\n\xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80sda5      8:5    0    223.1G    0    part    /\nsr0        11:0    1     1024M    0    rom\n

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# blkid

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/dev/sda5: UUID="ea1aea58-db6b-419f-bf3d-0919bb3c1443" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="fec6badc-05"\n/dev/sda1: UUID="A8E3-58E9" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="fec6badc-01"\n

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# cat /etc/fstab

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# /etc/fstab: static file system information.\n#\n# Use \'blkid\' to print the universally unique identifier for a\n# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices\n# that works even if the disks are added and removed. See fstab (5).\n#\n# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>\n# / was on /dev/sda5 during installation\nUUID=ea1aea58-db6b-419f-bf3d-0919bb3c1443 /    -rw    0    1\n# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation\nUUID=A8E3-58E9    /boot/efi    vfat    umask=0077    0    1\n/swapfile    none    swap    sw    0    0\n

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使用Xubuntu安装盘

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# fdisk -l

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Device     Boot   Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type\n/dev/sda1  *       2048   1050623   1048576   512M  b W95 FAT32\n/dev/sda2       1052670 468860927 467808258 223.1G  5 Extended\n/dev/sda5       1052672 468860927 467808256 223.1G 83 Linux\n

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我使用 Xubuntu 安装盘来启动我的机器并gparted在我的磁盘上使用，这就是我看到的：

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有没有办法来解决这个问题？

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Answer 1

在您安装的 /etc/fstab 中

改变

UUID=ea1aea58-db6b-419f-bf3d-0919bb3c1443 /    -rw   0    1 

到

UUID=ea1aea58-db6b-419f-bf3d-0919bb3c1443 /    ext4  defaults    0    1