升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 导致 libcrypto 错误，apt/dpkg 损坏

Question

我使用的是 Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy Jellyfish)，今天我已经从 21.10 升级了。我的机器是华硕 Vivobook K3500PH，配备英特尔 i7 第 11 代处理器、Nvidia GTX 1650 Max-Q 显卡。我的系统最初有 Linux 5.15 内核，最近从 5.13 内核升级。

编辑：此线程也适用于那些没有安装新内核但升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 的人。

背景信息

由于我的 Wi-Fi 驱动程序存在问题，我想升级到5.17.4撰写本文时最新的 Linux 内核。

我在网上找到了一个指南，并从https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.17.4/amd64/安装了内核的 .deb 文件。之后，我继续运行sudo dpkg -i *.deb，安装.deb下载的文件。

遇到错误

安装失败

Reading database ... 224038 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack linux-headers-5.17.4-051704_5.17.4-051704.202204200842_all.deb ...
Unpacking linux-headers-5.17.4-051704 (5.17.4-051704.202204200842) over (5.17.4-051704.202204200842) ...
Preparing to unpack linux-headers-5.17.4-051704-generic_5.17.4-051704.202204200842_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-headers-5.17.4-051704-generic (5.17.4-051704.202204200842) over (5.17.4-051704.202204200842) ...
Preparing to unpack linux-image-unsigned-5.17.4-051704-generic_5.17.4-051704.202204200842_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-image-unsigned-5.17.4-051704-generic (5.17.4-051704.202204200842) over (5.17.4-051704.202204200842) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-unsigned-5.17.4-051704-generic.postrm ... removing pending trigger
Preparing to unpack linux-modules-5.17.4-051704-generic_5.17.4-051704.202204200842_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-modules-5.17.4-051704-generic (5.17.4-051704.202204200842) over (5.17.4-051704.202204200842) ...
Setting up linux-headers-5.17.4-051704 (5.17.4-051704.202204200842) ...
Setting up linux-headers-5.17.4-051704-generic (5.17.4-051704.202204200842) ...
/etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms:
 * dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 5.17.4-051704-generic
   ...done.
Setting up linux-image-unsigned-5.17.4-051704-generic (5.17.4-051704.202204200842) ...
Setting up linux-modules-5.17.4-051704-generic (5.17.4-051704.202204200842) ...
Processing triggers for linux-image-unsigned-5.17.4-051704-generic (5.17.4-051704.202204200842) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms:
 * dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 5.17.4-051704-generic
   ...done.
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.17.4-051704-generic
I: The initramfs will attempt to resume from /dev/nvme0n1p5
I: (UUID=11ad606c-1f98-4dc1-b567-9b3fe528bd2e)
I: Set the RESUME variable to override this.
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.17.4-051704-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.17.4-051704-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-25-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-25-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.13.0-40-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.13.0-40-generic
/etc/grub.d/bin/grubcfg_proxy: error while loading shared libraries: libcrypto.so.1.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 127
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-unsigned-5.17.4-051704-generic (--install):
 installed linux-image-unsigned-5.17.4-051704-generic package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-image-unsigned-5.17.4-051704-generic

从/etc/grub.d/bin/grubcfg_proxy: error while loading shared libraries: libcrypto.so.1.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory，我推断可能缺少一个库。根据这篇Stack Exchange 帖子，我去安装了所需的库。

但是，每当我运行时apt，对于我尝试过的任何包，都会显示此错误日志：

The following packages will be REMOVED:
  linux-image-5.13.0-19-generic
........
Fetched 140 kB in 2s (80.2 kB/s) 
(Reading database ... 224038 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-5.13.0-19-generic (5.13.0-19.19) ...
/etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-5.13.0-19-generic
/etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.17.4-051704-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.17.4-051704-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-25-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-25-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.13.0-40-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.13.0-40-generic
/etc/grub.d/bin/grubcfg_proxy: error while loading shared libraries: libcrypto.so.1.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 127
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-5.13.0-19-generic (--remove):
 installed linux-image-5.13.0-19-generic package post-removal script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: too many errors, stopping
Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-image-5.13.0-19-generic
Processing was halted because there were too many errors.
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

它似乎apt已损坏，因此我无法安装任何库或软件。

这两个错误都表明缺少libcrypto....，因此这可能就是错误。如何解决该问题并安装较新的 Linux 内核版本？

编辑：查看https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubuntu-release-upgrader/+bug/1969353了解更多详细信息。

Answer 1

从 20.04 升级到 22.04 后，我遇到了同样的问题，没有尝试安装新内核。

缺少的libcrypto.so.1.1是libssl1.1的一部分，需要安装它才能解决问题。虽然在这种情况下 apt 被破坏，您仍然可以手动下载适合您的发行版的正确 .deb，然后使用 dpkg 安装它。例如，我直接从packages.debian.org下载了amd64版本，然后使用安装

sudo dpkg -i libssl1.1*.deb

之后我就可以再次使用 apt 了。

这样做之后，我意识到你还可以搜索Ubuntu 软件包存储库。他们显然没有为 Ubuntu 22.04 提供 libssl1.1 的安装候选，只为 libssl3 提供了一个。也许这就是问题的核心。您还应该能够使用升级后的版本中的版本。然而， packages.debian.org上的那个对我来说效果很好。

Answer 2

手动安装 libssl1.1 也解决了我的问题：

wget http://debian.mirror.ac.za/debian/pool/main/o/openssl/libssl1.1_1.1.1o-1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libssl1.1_1.1.1o-1_amd64.deb

另外，如果上面的网址变成 404，您还可以在这里获取更新的网址：

https://packages.debian.org/sid/amd64/libssl1.1/download