具有相同 Ubuntu 20.04 的两个磁盘的 UUID 冲突

Question

将 Ubuntu 20.04 从 m.2 SSD 克隆到 nvme SSD。克隆后新生成的 nvme 上的 UUID。两者都可以工作，但有以下骑手：
\nnvme ubuntu 的 fstab 中的 UUID 必须是 SSD ubuntu 的 UUID，否则会出现错误“无法启动重新安装根和内核文件系统”。
\n但是两个 Ubuntu 分区都是独立工作的，因为 nvme 版本从原来的 20.04.01 更新到了 20.04.03。SSD 上的版本仍然是 20.04.01。
\n如果在 fstab 中输入相应的 UUID，则两个分区都不会启动。
\n我使用旧版引导 BIOS 并使用 Clover 引导加载程序，两个磁盘上都有 GPT fs。

\n

$ lsblk -o name,size,fstype,label,uuid,mountpoint,model|sed 's/ *$//';\nNAME          SIZE FSTYPE   LABEL            UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT                        MODEL    \nloop0       185.4M squashfs                                                       /snap/audacity/920    \nloop1       185.3M squashfs                                                       /snap/audacity/922    \nloop2           4K squashfs                                                       /snap/bare/5    \nloop3        99.4M squashfs                                                       /snap/core/11993    \nloop4        61.9M squashfs                                                       /snap/core20/1169    \nloop5        99.5M squashfs                                                       /snap/core/11798    \nloop6        55.4M squashfs                                                       /snap/core18/2128    \nloop7         219M squashfs                                                       /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66    \nloop8        55.5M squashfs                                                       /snap/core18/2246    \nloop9        61.8M squashfs                                                       /snap/core20/1081    \nloop10        140K squashfs                                                       /snap/gtk2-common-themes/13    \nloop11       65.2M squashfs                                                       /snap/gtk-common-themes/1519    \nloop12        219M squashfs                                                       /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/72    \nloop13       32.4M squashfs                                                       /snap/snapd/13270    \nloop14         51M squashfs                                                       /snap/snap-store/542    \nloop15       65.1M squashfs                                                       /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515    \nloop16       42.2M squashfs                                                       /snap/snapd/13831    \nloop17      164.8M squashfs                                                       /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/161    \nloop18         51M squashfs                                                       /snap/snap-store/547    \nloop19      162.9M squashfs                                                       /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/145    \nsda         119.2G                                                                                             LS_128GB_M300    \n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80sda1         24G ext4     U20.04 64bit SSD 11bb7e9e-49c9-4e44-bc97-2b501f358e2b    \n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80sda2        555M vfat     EFI-SSD          864B-9B3E    \n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80sda3         45G ntfs                      F894575794571788    \n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80sda4      102.9M vfat     BDU-SSD          64BD-803B    \n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80sda5        500M ext4                      2a2cb9ea-cb10-4154-ac48-8c8513559de3    \n\xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80sda6       49.2G ntfs                      6C7A63467A630BE0    \nsdb            29G                                                                                             Storage_Device    \n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80sdb1        200M vfat     BDU              7CCC-3457                            /boot/efi    \n\xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80sdb2       28.8G    \nnvme0n1     232.9G                                                                                             Samsung SSD 970         EVO Plus 250GB    \n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80nvme0n1p1   100M vfat     BDU-NVME         4860-509F    \n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80nvme0n1p2  46.5G ext4     U20.04 64bit SSD 5d01e76f-5114-4416-b810-5de33dafa914 /    \n\xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80nvme0n1p3  49.6G ext4     U18 NVME         fd23fb07-2a0d-4b9c-962f-1d86f17e32df\n

\n

SSD 上 ubuntu 20.04 的 fstab

\n

#/etc/fstab: static file system information.\n#Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a\n#device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices\n#that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).\n#<file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>\n#/ was on /dev/sda1 during installation\n#UUID=5d01e76f-5114-4416-b810-5de33dafa914 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1\nUUID=11bb7e9e-49c9-4e44-bc97-2b501f358e2b /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1 /swapfile         \nnone            swap    sw              0       0\n#UUID=4860-509F  /boot/efi       vfat    defaults      0       1\n#UUID=4860-509F  /boot/efi       vfat    defaults      0       1\n#UUID=4860-509F  /boot/efi       vfat    defaults      0       1\n#UUID=4860-509F  /boot/efi       vfat    defaults      0       1\n#UUID=B092-D69A  /boot/efi       vfat    defaults      0       1\n#UUID=864B-9B3E  /boot/efi       vfat    defaults      0       1\n#UUID=864B-9B3E  /boot/efi       vfat    defaults      0       1 \n UUID=864B-9B3E  /boot/efi       vfat    defaults      0       1\n

\n

NVME 上 20.04 的 ubuntu 的 fstab

\n

#/etc/fstab: static file system information.\n#Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a\n#device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices\n#That works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).\n#<file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>\n#/ was on /dev/sda1 during installation\nUUID=11bb7e9e-49c9-4e44-bc97-2b501f358e2b /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1\n#UUID=5d01e76f-5114-4416-b810-5de33dafa314 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1\n/swapfile                                 none            swap    sw              0       0\nUUID=4860-509F  /boot/efi       vfat    defaults      0       1\n

\n

通过查看下面答案中的更新 #1 解决了问题。

\n

Answer 1

当您克隆磁盘时，所有内容都会被克隆，包括磁盘和分区 UUID。当两个磁盘同时连接到系统时，这就会成为问题。

\n

您需要更改原始磁盘或克隆磁盘上的 UUID。但是，如果更改原始磁盘上的 UUID，则还必须编辑 /etc/fstab。如果更改克隆磁盘上的 UUID，则无需编辑 /etc/fstab（除非克隆磁盘最终安装到系统中，代替原始磁盘，然后需要使用以下内容更新 /etc/fstab）：新的 UUID 或 /dev/sdaX 设备名称）。

\n

注意：没有理由通过对 /etc/fstab 进行其他编辑来安装原始磁盘和克隆磁盘。克隆磁盘通常用于创建备份，或者从较小的原始磁盘转移到较大的克隆磁盘，然后在系统中进行交换。

\n

注意：克隆磁盘启动问题通常可以通过使用来解决boot-repair。

\n

更改 UUID 需要两个命令。请参阅以下手册页...

\n

man uuidgen\nman tune2fs\n

\n

乌伊德根

\n

示例：uuidgen -r或uuidgen -t

\n

   -r, --random\n          Generate a random-based UUID.  This method creates a  UUID  con\xe2\x80\x90\n          sisting  mostly  of random bits.  It requires that the operating\n          system have a high quality  random  number  generator,  such  as\n          /dev/random.\n\n   -t, --time\n          Generate a time-based UUID.  This method creates a UUID based on\n          the system clock plus the system's ethernet hardware address, if\n          present.\n

\n

调2fs

\n

例子：sudo tune2fs -U new_UUID /dev/sdbX

\n

   -U UUID\n          Set the universally unique identifier (UUID) of  the  filesystem\n          to UUID.  The format of the UUID is a series of hex digits sepa\xe2\x80\x90\n          rated          by          hyphens,          like          this:\n          "c1b9d5a2-f162-11cf-9ece-0020afc76f16".   The UUID parameter may\n          also be one of the following:\n\n               clear  clear the filesystem UUID\n\n               random generate a new randomly-generated UUID\n\n               time   generate a new time-based UUID\n\n          The UUID may be used by  mount(8),  fsck(8),  and  /etc/fstab(5)\n          (and possibly others) by specifying UUID=uuid instead of a block\n          special device name like /dev/hda1.\n\n          See uuidgen(8) for more information.  If  the  system  does  not\n          have  a  good  random  number  generator  such as /dev/random or\n          /dev/urandom, tune2fs will automatically use a  time-based  UUID\n          instead of a randomly-generated UUID.\n

\n

更新#1：

\n

更正了 NVME 上 ubuntu 20.04 的 fstab

\n

注意：fstab 中不能有制表符，只有空格

\n

#/etc/fstab: static file system information.\n#Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a\n#device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices\n#That works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).\n#<file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>\n#/ was on /dev/nvme0n1p2 during installation\nUUID=5d01e76f-5114-4416-b810-5de33dafa914 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1\n/swapfile                                 none            swap    sw              0       0\nUUID=4860-509F  /boot/efi       vfat    defaults      0       1\n

\n