用于激活（运行或如果已经运行则置于前面）程序的命令

Question

我希望能够有一个键盘快捷方式来启动或将程序带到前面。（sqldeveloper，如果重要的话）

我知道如何运行它，这留下了：

1) 我如何知道一个程序是否已经在运行？

2）如何将程序带到其他打开的窗口的顶部？

~~编辑~~

感谢您到目前为止的答复。当我运行这些命令中的任何一个来获取正在运行的进程列表时，我得到以下信息：

doneill   3492     1  0 Nov16 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/sqldeveloper
doneill   3493  3492  0 Nov16 ?        00:00:00 /bin/bash /opt/sqldeveloper/sqldeveloper.sh
doneill   3495  3493  0 Nov16 ?        00:00:00 bash sqldeveloper
doneill   3552  3495  1 Nov16 ?        00:25:07 /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.22/bin/java -Xmx640M -Xms128M -Xverify:none -Doracle.ide.util.AddinPolicyUtils.OVERRIDE_FLAG=true -Dsun.java2d.ddoffscreen=false -Dwindows.shell.font.languages= -XX:MaxPermSize=128M -Dide.AssertTracingDisabled=true -Doracle.ide.util.AddinPolicyUtils.OVERRIDE_FLAG=true -Djava.util.logging.config.file=logging.conf -Dsqldev.debug=false -Dide.conf="/opt/sqldeveloper/sqldeveloper/bin/sqldeveloper.conf" -Dide.startingcwd="/opt/sqldeveloper/sqldeveloper/bin" -classpath ../../ide/lib/ide-boot.jar oracle.ide.boot.Launcher

我确实通过 .sh 脚本启动它。它是一个基于java的程序。其中哪些是我感兴趣的？我尝试使用xdotool来提出它，但我还没有成功，尽管今晚我没有时间深入研究手册页。

如果我运行xdotool search Orac（'Oracle SQL Developer' 是窗口标题的开始），它会返回一堆数字。其中之一是否代表了我感兴趣的内容？

Answer 1

一点点 bash 和xdotool应该可以解决问题。在帖子末尾安装 xdotool 的注意事项。

ActivateOrLaunch.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# usage:
#    ActivateOrLaunch.sh firefox-bin
#
# Will launch firefox-bin or activate the first window in the windows stack
# --- Remember to chmod a+x ActivateOrLaunch.sh in order to execute.

# pgrep looks through the currently running processes and lists the process
#       IDs which matches the selection criteria to stdout
#       for more information on pgrep http://linux.die.net/man/1/pgrep

# if process is found by pgrep then pipe through head to get firt instance in
#    case of multiple processes running. If process not found $pid will be empty
pid=$(pgrep ${1} | head -n 1)

# Using "-z" check if $pid is empty, if so execute the process
if [ -z "$pid" ]; then
   echo "$1 not running... executing..."
   $1 &
else
   # process was found, find the first visible window and activate it
   echo "Found process $1 with PID $pid"

   # using xdotool [http://www.semicomplete.com/projects/xdotool/] get the first
   # visible windows using $pid. Redirect stderr to /dev/null and only select
   # the first visible windows using head
   wid=$(xdotool search --onlyvisible --pid $pid 2>/dev/null | head -n 1)

   # if $wid is empty the process does not have any visible windows... do nothing
   if [ -z "$wid" ]; then
     echo "Didn't find any visible windows for process $1 with PID: $pid"
   else
     # send the window id ($wid) from the window stack to xdotool
     echo "Activating first windows in stack"
     xdotool windowactivate $wid
   fi
fi

# ******** NOTES **********
# In order for this script to work correctly you need to pass the complete process 
# name for it to find any visible windows. The process needs needs to be in the path
# for it to execute if not running.
#
# For example
#
# If you try it with firefox-bin on Ubuntu 10.10 it will find the running process and 
# activate the window, but it will not be able to launch the process since the executable 
# in the path is called firefox which is a link to firefox.sh
# (/usr/bin/firefox -> ../lib/firefox-3.6.12/firefox.sh) which in turn executes firefox-bin
# (not in path).
#
# Next, if you use firefox it will find a process but won't be able to find any windows 
# since it's a wrapper function calling firefox-bin and doesn't have any windows. 

你可以在github上找到代码

我在 Ubuntu 10.10 (Gnome) 上测试了代码并且它工作正常。它需要一些润色，因为我只是输入它并且不担心让它变得漂亮（想确保得到评论）

要安装 xdotool，您可以apt-get install xdotool（从我这里获取版本 2.20100701.2691），如果您想要最新和最好的从这里获取它（截至 20101116，它是版本 2.20101012.3049-4）