Ubuntu 20.04 和内核 5.13.0-051300-generic：如何安装头文件和 libc6

Question

我最近5.13.0-051300-generic在装有 Ubuntu 20.04 的 Tuxedo 笔记本电脑上将内核升级到版本。我现在正在尝试安装 headers linux-headers-5.13.0-051300-generic_5.13.0-051300.202106272333_amd64.deb。如果我尝试使用命令执行此操作sudo apt install ./linux-headers-5.13.0-051300-generic_5.13.0-051300.202106272333_amd64.deb，则会收到以下错误消息：

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 linux-headers-5.13.0-051300-generic : Depends: libc6 (>= 2.33) but 2.31-0ubuntu9.3 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

然后我尝试libc6_2.33-0ubuntu5_amd64.deb使用相同的命令进行安装，但得到以下信息：

...
The following packages will be upgraded:
  libc6
WARNING: The following essential packages will be removed.
This should NOT be done unless you know exactly what you are doing!
  libc-bin
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 68 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/2,690 kB of archives.
After this operation, 2,034 MB disk space will be freed.
You are about to do something potentially harmful.
To continue type in the phrase 'Yes, do as I say!'

我停了下来，因为我不知道我在做什么。我也试过命令sudo dpkg -i libc6_2.33-0ubuntu5_amd64.deb，得到以下结果：

dpkg: regarding libc6_2.33-0ubuntu5_amd64.deb containing libc6:amd64:
 libc6:amd64 breaks fakeroot (<< 1.25.3-1.1ubuntu2~)
  fakeroot (version 1.24-1) is present and installed.

dpkg: error processing archive libc6_2.33-0ubuntu5_amd64.deb (--install):
 installing libc6:amd64 would break fakeroot, and
 deconfiguration is not permitted (--auto-deconfigure might help)
Errors were encountered while processing:
 libc6_2.33-0ubuntu5_amd64.deb

然后我试图升级libfakeroot使用.deb文件，GDebi（我也尝试安装libc6这个工具，但Install按钮是灰色的）：如果我从终端检查该库的版本apt-cache policy fakeroot，我得到Installed: 1.24-1，但如果我检查sudo apt install ./libfakeroot_1.25.3-1.1_amd64.deb，我得到：

Note, selecting 'libfakeroot' instead of './libfakeroot_1.25.3-1.1_amd64.deb'
libfakeroot is already the newest version (1.25.3-1.1).

我究竟做错了什么？

---

编辑 1 结果uname -a; ls /boot; apt-cache policy linux-headers-5.13.0-051300-generic linux-image-generic libc6 libc-bin libfakeroot如下：

Linux lorenzo-InfinityBookS 5.13.0-051300-generic #202106272333 SMP Sun Jun 27 23:36:43 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
config-5.13.0-051300-generic  grub                              initrd.img-5.8.0-59-generic  System.map-5.13.0-051300-generic  vmlinuz-5.13.0-051300-generic
config-5.4.0-77-generic       initrd.img                        initrd.img.old               System.map-5.4.0-77-generic       vmlinuz-5.4.0-77-generic
config-5.8.0-55-generic       initrd.img-5.13.0-051300-generic  memtest86+.bin               System.map-5.8.0-55-generic       vmlinuz-5.8.0-55-generic
config-5.8.0-59-generic       initrd.img-5.4.0-77-generic       memtest86+.elf               System.map-5.8.0-59-generic       vmlinuz-5.8.0-59-generic
efi                           initrd.img-5.8.0-55-generic       memtest86+_multiboot.bin     vmlinuz                           vmlinuz.old
linux-headers-5.13.0-051300-generic:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: (none)
  Version table:
linux-image-generic:
  Installed: 5.4.0.77.80
  Candidate: 5.4.0.77.80
  Version table:
 *** 5.4.0.77.80 500
        500 http://mirrors.tuxedocomputers.com/ubuntu/mirror/security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main amd64 Packages
        500 http://mirrors.tuxedocomputers.com/ubuntu/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     5.4.0.26.32 500
        500 http://mirrors.tuxedocomputers.com/ubuntu/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages
libc6:
  Installed: 2.31-0ubuntu9.3
  Candidate: 2.31-0ubuntu9.3
  Version table:
 *** 2.31-0ubuntu9.3 100
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     2.31-0ubuntu9.2 500
        500 http://mirrors.tuxedocomputers.com/ubuntu/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 Packages
     2.31-0ubuntu9 500
        500 http://mirrors.tuxedocomputers.com/ubuntu/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages
libc-bin:
  Installed: 2.31-0ubuntu9.3
  Candidate: 2.31-0ubuntu9.3
  Version table:
 *** 2.31-0ubuntu9.3 100
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     2.31-0ubuntu9.2 500
        500 http://mirrors.tuxedocomputers.com/ubuntu/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 Packages
     2.31-0ubuntu9 500
        500 http://mirrors.tuxedocomputers.com/ubuntu/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages
libfakeroot:
  Installed: 1.25.3-1.1
  Candidate: 1.25.3-1.1
  Version table:
 *** 1.25.3-1.1 100
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     1.24-1 500
        500 http://mirrors.tuxedocomputers.com/ubuntu/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages

Answer 1

首先，我们需要将软件包从 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 存储库恢复到它们的默认版本：

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libc6=2.31-0ubuntu9.2 libc-bin=2.31-0ubuntu9.2
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libfakeroot=1.24-1

然后我们需要删除刚刚安装的 5.13 内核，因为它的头文件依赖于较新的 libc6，它不适用于 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS。

使用以下命令：

sudo apt-get purge linux-headers-5.13.0-051300 linux-image-unsigned-5.13.0-051300-generic linux-modules-5.13.0-051300-generic

关于 TP Link U300 的原始 USB 以太网问题 我看到它基于 Realtek RTL8153。该芯片至少由linux-firmware 封装支持。但是如果没有输出journalctl -f和lsusb，就很难给出完整的指令lsusb -t。