Steam 无法安装 Ubuntu 20.04.2

Question

无论我做什么，我都不可能在全新安装的 Ubuntu 20.04.2 上安装 Steam。

存在无法修复的未满足的依赖项。Steam 为什么不发布仅适用于 Ubuntu 的版本/安装程序？我认为他们非常支持 Linux。

我尝试手动下载缺少的依赖项并安装它们，但即使这样也失败了，可能是因为每个包都有自己的（其他）依赖项，它们有自己的依赖项等。

 sudo apt install ./* && sudo apt --fix-broken install ./*
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libgl1 : Breaks: libgl1:i386 (!= 1.3.1-1ubuntu0.20.04.1) but 1.3.1-1 is installed
 libgl1:i386 : Breaks: libgl1 (!= 1.3.1-1) but 1.3.1-1ubuntu0.20.04.1 is installed
 libgl1-mesa-dri : Breaks: libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 (!= 20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) but 20.0.4-2ubuntu1 is installed
 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 : Depends: libdrm-amdgpu1:i386 (>= 2.4.100) but it is not installed
                        Depends: libdrm-intel1:i386 (>= 2.4.38) but it is not installed
                        Depends: libdrm-nouveau2:i386 (>= 2.4.66) but it is not installed
                        Depends: libdrm-radeon1:i386 (>= 2.4.31) but it is not installed
                        Depends: libdrm2:i386 (>= 2.4.75) but it is not installed
                        Depends: libelf1:i386 (>= 0.142) but it is not installed
                        Depends: libexpat1:i386 (>= 2.0.1) but it is not installed
                        Depends: libllvm9:i386 (>= 1:9~svn298832-1~) but it is not installed
                        Depends: libsensors5:i386 (>= 1:3.5.0) but it is not installed
                        Depends: libstdc++6:i386 (>= 5.2) but it is not installed
                        Depends: libvulkan1:i386 (>= 1.2.131.2) but it is not installed
                        Depends: libzstd1:i386 (>= 1.3.2) but it is not installed
                        Depends: zlib1g:i386 (>= 1:1.1.4) but it is not installed
                        Breaks: libgl1-mesa-dri (!= 20.0.4-2ubuntu1) but 20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 is installed
 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 : Depends: libglx-mesa0:i386 but it is not installed
 libglapi-mesa : Breaks: libglapi-mesa:i386 (!= 20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) but 20.0.4-2ubuntu1 is installed
 libglapi-mesa:i386 : Breaks: libglapi-mesa (!= 20.0.4-2ubuntu1) but 20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 is installed
 libglvnd0 : Breaks: libglvnd0:i386 (!= 1.3.1-1ubuntu0.20.04.1) but 1.3.1-1 is installed
 libglvnd0:i386 : Breaks: libglvnd0 (!= 1.3.1-1) but 1.3.1-1ubuntu0.20.04.1 is installed
 libglx0 : Breaks: libglx0:i386 (!= 1.3.1-1ubuntu0.20.04.1) but 1.3.1-1 is installed
 libglx0:i386 : Depends: libglx-mesa0:i386 but it is not installed
                Breaks: libglx0 (!= 1.3.1-1) but 1.3.1-1ubuntu0.20.04.1 is installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

即使我走下那个兔子洞，我也会看到同样的错误，新的依赖项弹出：

asterix@Idefix:~/Downloads/Steam$ sudo apt install wget gdebi-core libgl1-mesa-glx:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
wget is already the newest version (1.20.3-1ubuntu1).
wget set to manually installed.
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 : Depends: libgl1:i386 but it is not going to be installed
                        Depends: libglx-mesa0:i386 but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
asterix@Idefix:~/Downloads/Steam$ sudo apt -f install libgl1-mesa-glx:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 : Depends: libgl1:i386 but it is not going to be installed
                        Depends: libglx-mesa0:i386 but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
asterix@Idefix:~/Downloads/Steam$ sudo apt -f install libgl1:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libgl1:i386 : Depends: libglvnd0:i386 (= 1.3.1-1) but it is not going to be installed
               Depends: libglx0:i386 (= 1.3.1-1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
asterix@Idefix:~/Downloads/Steam$ sudo apt -f install libglvnd0:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libegl1 : Depends: libglvnd0 (= 1.3.1-1ubuntu0.20.04.1) but it is not going to be installed
 libgles2 : Depends: libglvnd0 (= 1.3.1-1ubuntu0.20.04.1) but it is not going to be installed
 libqt5svg5 : Depends: libqt5widgets5 (>= 5.12.8+dfsg~) but it is not going to be installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.
asterix@Idefix:~/Downloads/Steam$ sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dri:i386=20.0.4-2ubuntu1
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 : Depends: libglapi-mesa:i386 (= 20.0.4-2ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

让 Steam 运行在最新（实际上不是那个新）版本的 Ubuntu 上似乎是完全不可能的（而 20.10 已经发布了）。

这是可以解决的还是 Steam 不再支持 Ubuntu？

Answer 1

遇到了类似的问题：dist-upgrade删除了我的 Steam，但无法将其安装回来。
我无法回滚更新的软件包，因为以前的版本不再在存储库中（？！）。

结果我已经安装了，这和Steam需要的有libllvm11 11.0.1冲突。libllvm11:i386 11.0.0

它们只是因为版本不同而发生冲突，所以我降级libllvm11到11.0.0（和 Clang，以及所有相关的包）。

这就是我所做的：

• 首先：sudo apt update确保sudo apt upgrade这没有解决问题。

• 安装 Aptitude，因为它似乎具有更智能的冲突解决方案。sudo apt install aptitude

• 使用 Aptitude 启动 Steam 安装，但不确认安装。您只想查看输出。sudo aptitude install -s steam（-s意味着在没有实际安装的情况下进行试运行）。

  对我来说，Aptitude 提出了一个非常激进的冲突解决计划，但我不喜欢这个计划，它删除了一些软件包。

  但它也解释了哪里出了问题。它说：

  libllvm11 : Breaks: libllvm11:i386 (!= 1:11.0.1~++20201218093155+43ff75f2c3fe-1~exp1~20201218203809.158) but have installed 1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1
  libllvm11:i386 : Breaks: libllvm11 (!= 1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1) but installing 1:11.0.1~++20201218093155+43ff75f2c3fe-1~exp1~20201218203809.158
  

  ^{（手动翻译成英文，实际输出可能略有不同）}

  基本上都是说需要安装libllvm11:i386，这和已安装的有冲突libllvm11。但它只是因为版本不同而发生冲突；如果版本相同，可以同时安装。但是存储库中可用的版本比我安装的libllvm11:i386版本旧。libllvm11

• 解决方案是降级libllvm11到建议版本：sudo apt install libllvm11=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1。

  这卸载了我的 Clang 11 和相关工具，因为他们想要最新的 LLVM 版本。如果您同时降级它们，它们可能不会被卸载，但对我来说，以后重新安装它们更容易。

• 现在您应该能够安装 Steam sudo aptitude install steam：。

  在确认安装之前，请确保不再需要删除任何软件包。

• 现在您可能想拿回您的 Clang 11。我尝试过：

  sudo apt install \
      clang-11=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1 \
      clangd-11=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1 \
      clang-tools-11=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1 \
      clang-tidy-11=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1 \
      lld-11=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1
  

  请注意与手动安装的版本相匹配的版本libllvm11。

  请注意，我们使用的是apt这个时间，因为在这种情况下它会给出更好的错误消息。

  我得到以下信息：

  clang-11 : Depends on: libclang-cpp11 but it won't be installed
             Depends on: libclang-common-11-dev (= 1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1) but it won't be installed
             Depends on: libclang1-11 (= 1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1) but 1:11.0.1~++20201218093155+43ff75f2c3fe-1~exp1~20201218203809.158 must be installed
             Recommends: llvm-11-dev but it won't be installed
             Recommends: libomp-11-dev but it won't be installed
  clang-tidy-11 : Depends on: libclang-cpp11 but it won't be installed
                  Depends on: libclang-common-11-dev but it won't be installed
  clang-tools-11 : Depends on: libclang-cpp11 but it won't be installed
  clangd-11 : Depends on: libclang-cpp11 but it won't be installed
              Depends on: libclang-common-11-dev (= 1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1) but it won't be installed
  

  ^{（手动翻译成英文，实际输出可能略有不同）}

  我们将所有这些包添加到命令中，并具有相同的=<version>后缀，然后重复相同的操作（大约 3 次），直到得到以下结果：

  sudo apt install \
      clang-11=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1 \
      clangd-11=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1 \
      clang-tools-11=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1 \
      clang-tidy-11=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1 \
      lld-11=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1 \
      libclang-cpp11=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1 \
      libclang-common-11-dev=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1 \
      libclang1-11=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1 \
      llvm-11-dev=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1 \
      libomp-11-dev=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1 \
      libomp5-11=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1 \
      llvm-11=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1 \
      llvm-11-tools=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1 \
      llvm-11-runtime=1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1
  

  它实际上可以工作并安装 Clang。

• 然后我们将所有这些依赖项标记为“自动安装”，这样当您不再需要它们时它们就不会徘徊。

  （我不确定这一步是否有用，但没有坏处。）

  我们对上面命令中的所有包（除了我们实际需要的前 5 个包）执行此操作，再加上libllvm11.

  sudo apt-mark auto \
      libllvm11 \
      libclang-cpp11 \
      libclang-common-11-dev \
      libclang1-11 \
      llvm-11-dev \
      libomp-11-dev \
      libclang-cpp11 \
      libclang-common-11-dev \
      libclang-cpp11 \
      libclang-cpp11 \
      libclang-common-11-dev \
      libomp5-11 \
      llvm-11 \
      llvm-11-tools \
      llvm-11-runtime
  

• 最后，sudo apt ugprade，sudo apt autoremove。

Answer 2

它对我有用：

~$ sudo apt install aptitude
~$ sudo aptitude install steam

在安装过程中，我对第一个问题说不：

The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

     Keep the following packages at their current version:
1)     libudev1:i386 [Not Installed]                      
2)     steam:i386 [Not Installed]                         

     Leave the following dependencies unresolved:         
3)     steam-devices recommends steam                     

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] n

我对下一个问题说是：

The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

     Downgrade the following packages:                            
1)     libudev1 [245.4-4ubuntu3.4 (now) -> 245.4-4ubuntu3 (focal)]
2)     udev [245.4-4ubuntu3.4 (now) -> 245.4-4ubuntu3 (focal)]    

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] Y

我终于启动了 steam，它首先启动了 steam 更新程序：

~$ steam