Ubuntu 20.04 认为可用空间不足，但事实并非如此

Question

我在尝试复制文件时开始出现“可用空间不足”错误，并且在某些时候我在启动时遇到问题并进行了ZFS 回滚。尽管（根据df及du下文）使用的驱动器空间<60%，我仍然遇到空间错误。

\n\n

下面的答案指出 zfs 快照占用了太多空间，这是一个有用的开始。但sudo du /.zfs/snapshot/ -h --max-depth=0仅返回60G。其他地方有140G的快照吗？（或者还能是什么？）

\n\n

还明显zfs list -t snapshot没有显示（最大的，我假设最不存在的？）数据集rpool/USERDATA/thomas_fv2wpz，该数据集在zfs list下面的输出中显示为278G.

\n\n

这是输出的目录：

\n\n

\n
• uname -a
\n
• zfs list
\n
• zfs list -o space rpool/USERDATA
\n
• 我应该省略（部分/部分）以下长输出吗？这是我第一次提问。
\n
• df -h
\n
• du -h --max-depth=1
\n
• lsblk -f
\n

\n\n

$ uname -a\nLinux thomas-Latitude-E6530 5.4.0-31-generic #35-Ubuntu SMP Thu May 7 20:20:34 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux\n

\n\n

$ zfs list\nNAME                                               USED  AVAIL     REFER  MOUNTPOINT\nbpool                                              272M  1.48G       96K  /boot\nbpool/BOOT                                         270M  1.48G       96K  none\nbpool/BOOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z                           270M  1.48G      180M  /boot\nbpool/BOOT/ubuntu_smztg7                             8K  1.48G      180M  /boot\nrpool                                              441G  4.89G       96K  /\nrpool/ROOT                                        8.97G  4.89G       96K  none\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z                          8.51G  4.89G     3.69G  /\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/srv                       264K  4.89G       96K  /srv\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/usr                       872K  4.89G       96K  /usr\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/usr/local                 776K  4.89G      144K  /usr/local\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var                      3.24G  4.89G       96K  /var\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/games                 152K  4.89G       96K  /var/games\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/lib                  3.10G  4.89G     2.74G  /var/lib\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/lib/AccountsService   688K  4.89G      104K  /var/lib/AccountsService\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/lib/NetworkManager   1.76M  4.89G      164K  /var/lib/NetworkManager\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/lib/apt              70.1M  4.89G     53.6M  /var/lib/apt\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/lib/dpkg             97.8M  4.89G     39.4M  /var/lib/dpkg\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/log                   138M  4.89G     36.4M  /var/log\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/mail                  152K  4.89G       96K  /var/mail\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/snap                 1.31M  4.89G      240K  /var/snap\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/spool                 848K  4.89G      120K  /var/spool\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/www                   152K  4.89G       96K  /var/www\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_smztg7                           471M  4.89G     3.18G  /\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_smztg7/srv                        56K  4.89G       96K  /srv\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_smztg7/usr                       144K  4.89G       96K  /usr\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_smztg7/usr/local                 144K  4.89G      144K  /usr/local\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_smztg7/var                       203M  4.89G       96K  /var\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_smztg7/var/games                 112K  4.89G       96K  /var/games\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_smztg7/var/lib                   177M  4.89G     2.65G  /var/lib\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_smztg7/var/lib/AccountsService   144K  4.89G      104K  /var/lib/AccountsService\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_smztg7/var/lib/NetworkManager    320K  4.89G      148K  /var/lib/NetworkManager\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_smztg7/var/lib/apt              4.08M  4.89G     53.3M  /var/lib/apt\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_smztg7/var/lib/dpkg             14.0M  4.89G     39.4M  /var/lib/dpkg\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_smztg7/var/log                  24.9M  4.89G     15.0M  /var/log\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_smztg7/var/mail                  112K  4.89G       96K  /var/mail\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_smztg7/var/snap                  212K  4.89G      188K  /var/snap\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_smztg7/var/spool                 160K  4.89G      120K  /var/spool\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_smztg7/var/www                   112K  4.89G       96K  /var/www\nrpool/USERDATA                                     432G  4.89G       96K  /\nrpool/USERDATA/helper_zthl10                       180K  4.89G      124K  /home/helper\nrpool/USERDATA/root_fv2wpz                         316K  4.89G     1.12M  /root\nrpool/USERDATA/root_mhe8ya                        1.78M  4.89G      992K  /root\nrpool/USERDATA/thomas_fv2wpz                       971M  4.89G      278G  /home/thomas\nrpool/USERDATA/thomas_mhe8ya                       431G  4.89G      217G  /home/thomas\n

\n\n

$ zfs list -o space rpool/USERDATA\nNAME            AVAIL   USED  USEDSNAP  USEDDS  USEDREFRESERV  USEDCHILD\nrpool/USERDATA  4.88G   432G        0B     96K             0B       432G\n

\n\n

$ df -h\nFilesystem                                        Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\nudev                                              5.8G     0  5.8G   0% /dev\ntmpfs                                             1.2G  2.1M  1.2G   1% /run\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z                          8.8G  3.7G  5.1G  42% /\ntmpfs                                             5.8G  253M  5.6G   5% /dev/shm\ntmpfs                                             5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock\ntmpfs                                             5.8G     0  5.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup\nrpool/USERDATA/helper_zthl10                      5.1G  128K  5.1G   1% /home/helper\nbpool/BOOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z                          1.7G  180M  1.5G  11% /boot\nrpool/USERDATA/thomas_fv2wpz                      284G  279G  5.1G  99% /home/thomas\nrpool/USERDATA/root_fv2wpz                        5.1G  1.0M  5.1G   1% /root\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/srv                      5.1G  128K  5.1G   1% /srv\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/games                5.1G  128K  5.1G   1% /var/games\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/log                  5.2G   29M  5.1G   1% /var/log\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/lib                  7.9G  2.8G  5.1G  35% /var/lib\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/usr/local                5.1G  256K  5.1G   1% /usr/local\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/mail                 5.1G  128K  5.1G   1% /var/mail\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/www                  5.1G  128K  5.1G   1% /var/www\n/dev/sda1                                         511M  7.1M  504M   2% /boot/efi\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/snap                 5.1G  256K  5.1G   1% /var/snap\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/spool                5.1G  128K  5.1G   1% /var/spool\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/lib/AccountsService  5.1G  128K  5.1G   1% /var/lib/AccountsService\n/dev/loop2                                         62M   62M     0 100% /snap/caprine/36\n/dev/loop3                                         55M   55M     0 100% /snap/core18/1754\n/dev/loop4                                        176M  176M     0 100% /snap/gimp/273\n/dev/loop0                                        9.2M  9.2M     0 100% /snap/canonical-livepatch/95\n/dev/loop5                                        241M  241M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/24\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/lib/dpkg             5.2G   40M  5.1G   1% /var/lib/dpkg\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/lib/apt              5.2G   54M  5.1G   2% /var/lib/apt\nrpool/ROOT/ubuntu_nhdx6z/var/lib/NetworkManager   5.1G  256K  5.1G   1% /var/lib/NetworkManager\n/dev/loop7                                        174M  174M     0 100% /snap/gimp/252\n/dev/loop6                                         94M   94M     0 100% /snap/core/9066\n/dev/loop1                                         55M   55M     0 100% /snap/core18/1705\n/dev/loop8                                        164M  164M     0 100% /snap/spotify/41\n/dev/loop9                                        256K  256K     0 100% /snap/gtk2-common-themes/9\n/dev/loop10                                       143M  143M     0 100% /snap/slack/23\n/dev/loop11                                       256M  256M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/33\n/dev/loop13                                        63M   63M     0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1506\n/dev/loop12                                        28M   28M     0 100% /snap/snapd/7264\n/dev/loop14                                        50M   50M     0 100% /snap/snap-store/454\n/dev/loop15                                       142M  142M     0 100% /snap/zoom-client/83\n/dev/loop16                                       161M  161M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/116\n/dev/loop17                                        87M   87M     0 100% /snap/shotcut/64\n/dev/loop18                                       291M  291M     0 100% /snap/vlc/1620\n/dev/loop19                                       140M  140M     0 100% /snap/slack/24\n/dev/loop20                                        50M   50M     0 100% /snap/snap-store/433\n/dev/loop21                                       145M  145M     0 100% /snap/zoom-client/84\ntmpfs                                             1.2G   52K  1.2G   1% /run/user/1000\n/dev/loop22                                        64M   64M     0 100% /snap/caprine/37\n

\n\n

$ du -h --max-depth=1\n25K ./Music\n1.0K    ./.ssh\n1.0K    ./Templates\n36K ./.gnome\n30M ./.thunderbird\n52M ./Documents\n368M    ./snap\n8.4M    ./.mozilla\n203G    ./Pictures\n302M    ./.config\n1021M   ./.cache\n1.0K    ./Public\n9.5G    ./Downloads\n101M    ./.local\n7.0K    ./Steam\n41G ./Videos\n28K ./.gnupg\n7.6G    ./Desktop\n16G ./.steam\n17K ./.pki\n11K ./.psensor\n279G    .\n\n

\n\n

$ lsblk -f\nNAME   FSTYPE     LABEL UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT\nloop0  squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/canonical-livepatch/95\nloop1  squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/core18/1705\nloop2  squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/caprine/36\nloop3  squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/core18/1754\nloop4  squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/gimp/273\nloop5  squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/24\nloop6  squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/core/9066\nloop7  squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/gimp/252\nloop8  squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/spotify/41\nloop9  squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/gtk2-common-themes/9\nloop10 squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/slack/23\nloop11 squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/33\nloop12 squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/snapd/7264\nloop13 squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1506\nloop14 squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/snap-store/454\nloop15 squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/zoom-client/83\nloop16 squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/116\nloop17 squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/shotcut/64\nloop18 squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/vlc/1620\nloop19 squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/slack/24\nloop20 squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/snap-store/433\nloop21 squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/zoom-client/84\nloop22 squashfs                                                    0   100% /snap/caprine/37\nsda                                                                         \n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80sda1 vfat             105C-066C                             503.9M     1% /boot/efi\n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80sda2                                                                      \n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80sda5 swap             ca95a35a-589b-4127-91d0-ba74f05c7011                [SWAP]\n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80sda6 zfs_member bpool 10888252588400514123                                \n\xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80sda7 zfs_member rpool 8231086401312639965                                 \nsr0   \n

\n

Answer 1

Ubuntu 20.04 通过zsys（ZFS SYStem 集成）工具引入了实验性 ZFS 支持。它会为大多数apt操作创建快照，以便在出现故障时您可以回滚到之前的状态。

Ubuntu 有一个名为 Zsys 的 ZFS 系统工具，它提供自动化的系统和用户状态保存。它还与 GRUB 更好地集成，因此用户可以在启动进入桌面之前恢复到较早的系统状态。（通过）

当然，缺点是这些也会耗尽您的可用空间。

用于zfs list -t snapshot列出快照：

$ zfs list -t snapshot
NAME                   USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
...
rpool/example@snap1       -      -      -  -
...

并zfs destroy删除快照，例如：

zfs destroy rpool/example@snap1

另请阅读官方教程。

还有一个类似的问题，关于如何禁用自动快照创建，目前还没有太多答案，另一个问题则要求提供一些官方文档（我也找不到任何内容）。