如何为 python 3.8 安装 tkinter？

Question

我在 Ubuntu 16.04 上有 Python 3.8。

我安装了 python3-tk（它是在 matplotlib 中显示图所必需的）：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
python3-tk is already the newest version (3.5.1-1).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 12 not upgraded.

和python3.8-tk：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
python3.8-tk is already the newest version (3.8.2-1+xenial1).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 12 not upgraded.

但是没有找到：

$ python3.8 -m tkinter
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 184, in _run_module_as_main
    mod_name, mod_spec, code = _get_module_details(mod_name, _Error)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 143, in _get_module_details
    return _get_module_details(pkg_main_name, error)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 110, in _get_module_details
    __import__(pkg_name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/tkinter/__init__.py", line 36, in <module>
    import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_tkinter'

安装它的正确方法是什么？

Answer 1

重新编译并重新安装 python3.8，指定包含 tcl、tk 包含和库的文件夹路径。

sudo apt install build-essential zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libgdbm-dev libnss3-dev libssl-dev libreadline-dev libffi-dev python-tk python3-tk tk-dev

cd ~/Downloads
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.2/Python-3.8.2.tgz
tar -xvf Python-3.8.2.tgz

cd Python-3.8.2

./configure以下一种方式编辑文件：替换...下一行：

  --with-tcltk-includes='-I/usr/include'
  --with-tcltk-libs='-L/usr/lib'

./configure
make -j2    # replace 2 by number of processor cores you have
sudo make install

$ python3.8
Python 3.8.2 (default, May 11 2020, 14:30:03) 
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tkinter
>>> 

apt从 16.04开始安装的 Python 3.8pyenv不包括 tkinter，因为我认为或者存在一些错误不允许导入它。只有重建才有帮助。之前我使用过内置 Python 3.8 版本的 20.04，它支持 tkinter，只需安装额外的软件包，就像 16.04 上的 Python 3.5 一样。

正如 Ankur A Sharma 所说，还需要安装 python3.8-tk。我忘了提一下。但对于 16.04 来说这还不够，至少对我来说是这样。

OP评论的附加要求：

sudo ./configure --with-tcltk-includes='-I/usr/include -I/usr/include/tcl' --with-tcltk-libs='-L/usr/lib -ltcl -ltk' --enable-optimizations

Answer 2

如果你用apt安装python3.8（通过ppa:deadsnakes/ppa），也可以用apt安装，库名是python3.8-tk.

sudo apt install python3.8-tk

就我而言，它解决了问题。例如，现在我可以在需要 tkinter 的 python3.8 中使用 matplotlib。