如何从 Ubuntu Ports 在 ARM 或任何其他架构上安装 i386/amd64 软件包

Question

我需要在 Raspberry Pi（armhf端口，ARMv7）上使用 QEMU 运行一些 x86 二进制文件，以使打印机与 Canon\xe2\x80\x99s 蹩脚的二进制 UFRII 驱动程序一起使用。如何仅安装其 x86 依赖项armhf（而不是如何运行它们）？

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我可以使用以下命令安装 x86 二进制文件：

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root@raspberry-pi:~# dpkg --force-architecture -i /tmp/cnrdrvcups-ufr2-uk_5.10-1_i386.deb\n

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但随后apt不断抱怨其依赖项丢失。我\xe2\x80\x99ll实际上可能需要它们来运行UFRII转换器——所以我\xe2\x80\x99d真的很喜欢通过apt.

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我可以添加i386架构，但apt-get update无法下载一些资源，可能是因为armhfx86 软件包驻留在 ports.ubuntu.com 上，而主镜像上。（我\xe2\x80\x99曾经在amd64上成功安装过i386软件包。）

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root@raspberry-pi:~# dpkg --add-architecture i386       \nroot@raspberry-pi:~# apt-get update                  \nHit:1 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic InRelease\nGet:2 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]\nGet:3 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-backports InRelease [74.6 kB]\nGet:4 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB]\nIgn:5 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic/main i386 Packages\nIgn:6 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic/restricted i386 Packages\nIgn:7 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic/universe i386 Packages\nIgn:8 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic/multiverse i386 Packages\nIgn:5 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic/main i386 Packages\nIgn:6 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic/restricted i386 Packages\nIgn:7 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic/universe i386 Packages\nIgn:8 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic/multiverse i386 Packages\nIgn:5 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic/main i386 Packages\nIgn:6 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic/restricted i386 Packages\nIgn:7 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic/universe i386 Packages\nIgn:8 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic/multiverse i386 Packages\nErr:5 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic/main i386 Packages\n  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.150 80]\nIgn:6 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic/restricted i386 Packages\nIgn:7 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic/universe i386 Packages\nIgn:8 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic/multiverse i386 Packages\nIgn:9 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates/main i386 Packages\nIgn:10 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates/restricted i386 Packages\nIgn:11 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates/universe i386 Packages\nIgn:12 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates/multiverse i386 Packages\nIgn:9 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates/main i386 Packages\nIgn:10 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates/restricted i386 Packages\nIgn:11 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates/universe i386 Packages\nIgn:12 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates/multiverse i386 Packages\nIgn:9 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates/main i386 Packages\nIgn:10 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates/restricted i386 Packages\nIgn:11 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates/universe i386 Packages\nIgn:12 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates/multiverse i386 Packages\nErr:9 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates/main i386 Packages\n  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.150 80]\nIgn:10 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates/restricted i386 Packages\nIgn:11 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates/universe i386 Packages\nIgn:12 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates/multiverse i386 Packages\nIgn:13 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-backports/main i386 Packages\nIgn:14 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-backports/universe i386 Packages\nIgn:13 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-backports/main i386 Packages\nIgn:14 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-backports/universe i386 Packages\nIgn:13 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-backports/main i386 Packages\nIgn:14 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-backports/universe i386 Packages\nErr:13 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-backports/main i386 Packages\n  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.150 80]\nIgn:14 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-backports/universe i386 Packages\nIgn:15 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security/main i386 Packages\nIgn:16 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security/restricted i386 Packages\nIgn:17 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security/universe i386 Packages\nIgn:18 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security/multiverse i386 Packages\nIgn:15 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security/main i386 Packages\nIgn:16 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security/restricted i386 Packages\nIgn:17 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security/universe i386 Packages\nIgn:18 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security/multiverse i386 Packages\nIgn:15 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security/main i386 Packages\nIgn:16 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security/restricted i386 Packages\nIgn:17 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security/universe i386 Packages\nIgn:18 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security/multiverse i386 Packages\nErr:15 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security/main i386 Packages\n  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.150 80]\nIgn:16 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security/restricted i386 Packages\nIgn:17 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security/universe i386 Packages\nIgn:18 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security/multiverse i386 Packages\nFetched 252 kB in 2s (112 kB/s)\nReading package lists... Done\nE: Failed to fetch http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/bionic/main/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.150 80]\nE: Failed to fetch http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/bionic-updates/main/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.150 80]\nE: Failed to fetch http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/bionic-backports/main/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.150 80]\nE: Failed to fetch http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/bionic-security/main/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.150 80]\nE: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.\n

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如何解决这个问题？我可能需要调整/添加一些内容/etc/apt/sources.list，但 \xe2\x80\x99t 不包含字符串i386/ amd64。所以我不知道从哪里开始。这是我当前的源文件：

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## Note, this file is written by cloud-init on first boot of an instance\n## modifications made here will not survive a re-bundle.\n## if you wish to make changes you can:\n## a.) add \'apt_preserve_sources_list: true\' to /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg\n##     or do the same in user-data\n## b.) add sources in /etc/apt/sources.list.d\n## c.) make changes to template file /etc/cloud/templates/sources.list.tmpl\n\n# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to\n# newer versions of the distribution.\ndeb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic main restricted\n# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic main restricted\n\n## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the\n## distribution.\ndeb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates main restricted\n# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates main restricted\n\n## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu\n## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any\n## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.\ndeb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic universe\n# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic universe\ndeb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates universe\n# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates universe\n\n## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu\n## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to\n## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in\n## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu\n## security team.\ndeb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic multiverse\n# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic multiverse\ndeb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates multiverse\n# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates multiverse\n\n## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as\n## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes\n## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.\n## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review\n## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.\ndeb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse\n# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse\n\n## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical\'s\n## \'partner\' repository.\n## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the\n## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.\n# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner\n# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner\n\ndeb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security main restricted\n# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security main restricted\ndeb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security universe\n# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security universe\ndeb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security multiverse\n# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security multiverse\n

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我发现了问题如何在基于 ARM 的 Nexus 7 上的 Ubuntu 上安装 i386 软件包？但那里的人只是回答说在 ARM 上运行 x86 是不可能的。那\xe2\x80\x99是正确的，但不是原始问题的正确答案。

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更新：dpkg-deb这是所需驱动程序包的输出，包括其第一级依赖项：

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root@raspberry-pi:~# dpkg-deb --info /tmp/cnrdrvcups-ufr2-uk_5.10-1_i386.deb \n new Debian package, version 2.0.\n size 21503884 bytes: control archive=20743 bytes.\n    2058 bytes,    16 lines      control              \n   62636 bytes,   896 lines      md5sums              \n     339 bytes,    17 lines   *  postinst             #!/bin/sh\n      90 bytes,     9 lines   *  postrm               #!/bin/sh\n Package: cnrdrvcups-ufr2-uk\n Version: 5.10-1\n Section: net\n Priority: optional\n Architecture: i386\n Depends: cupsys | cups, libcups2 | libcupsys2 (>= 1.2.7)\n Conflicts: cnrcupsiradv715zk, cnrcupsiradv615zk, cnrcupsiradv525zk, cnrcupsiradv7153zk, cnrcupsiradv6153zk, cnrcupsiradv5253zk, cnrcupsiradv85053zk, cnrcupsiradv85853zk, cnrcupsiradv65753zk, cnrcupsiradv65553zk, cnrcupsiradvc35203zk, cnrcupsiradvc35253zk, cnrcupsiradvc75803zk, cnrcupsiradvc75653zk, cnrcupsiradvc2563zk, cnrcupsiradvc55353zk, cnrcupsiradvc55503zk, cnrcupsiradv45453zk, cnrcupsiradv45253zk, cnrcupsiradvc4753zk, cnrcupswg7000zk, cnrcupswg7000zzk, cnrcupslbp853czk, cnrcupslbp852czk, cnrcupsd1600zk\n Replaces: cnrdrvcups-ufr2-us, cnrdrvcups-lipslx, cnrcupsiradv715zk, cnrcupsiradv615zk, cnrcupsiradv525zk, cnrcupsiradv7153zk, cnrcupsiradv6153zk, cnrcupsiradv5253zk, cnrcupsiradv85053zk, cnrcupsiradv85853zk, cnrcupsiradv65753zk, cnrcupsiradv65553zk, cnrcupsiradvc35203zk, cnrcupsiradvc35253zk, cnrcupsiradvc75803zk, cnrcupsiradvc75653zk, cnrcupsiradvc2563zk, cnrcupsiradvc55353zk, cnrcupsiradvc55503zk, cnrcupsiradv45453zk, cnrcupsiradv45253zk, cnrcupsiradvc4753zk, cnrcupswg7000zk, cnrcupswg7000zzk, cnrcupslbp853czk, cnrcupslbp852czk, cnrcupsd1600zk\n Provides: cnrcupsiradv715zk, cnrcupsiradv615zk, cnrcupsiradv525zk, cnrcupsiradv7153zk, cnrcupsiradv6153zk, cnrcupsiradv5253zk, cnrcupsiradv85053zk, cnrcupsiradv85853zk, cnrcupsiradv65753zk, cnrcupsiradv65553zk, cnrcupsiradvc35203zk, cnrcupsiradvc35253zk, cnrcupsiradvc75803zk, cnrcupsiradvc75653zk, cnrcupsiradvc2563zk, cnrcupsiradvc55353zk, cnrcupsiradvc55503zk, cnrcupsiradv45453zk, cnrcupsiradv45253zk, cnrcupsiradvc4753zk, cnrcupswg7000zk, cnrcupswg7000zzk, cnrcupslbp853czk, cnrcupslbp852czk, cnrcupsd1600zk\n Installed-Size: 76096\n Maintainer: CANON INC. <sup-debian@mail.canon>\n Source: cnrdrvcups-lb\n Description: Canon UFR2 Printer Driver for Linux\n  Canon UFR2 Printer Driver for Linux.\n  This UFR2 printer driver provides printing functions for Canon LBP/iR\n  printers operating under the CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System) environment.\n

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Answer 1

后来我通过反复试验发现，您需要/etc/apt/sources.list更具体地设置默认条目：

dpkg --add-architecture 'i386'

# replace 'deb' with 'deb [arch=armhf]'
sed 's/^deb http/deb [arch=armhf] http/' -i '/etc/apt/sources.list'

/etc/apt/sources.list.d/i386.list添加与 x86 镜像服务器类似的文件：

deb [arch=i386] http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security  main restricted universe multiverse
deb [arch=i386]  http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal           main restricted universe multiverse
deb [arch=i386]  http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates   main restricted universe multiverse
deb [arch=i386]  http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

apt-get update

我可以使用以下命令成功安装并运行 UFRII 驱动程序：

apt-get install qemu-user

# undeclared dependencies of UFRII driver package
apt-get install  libcupsimage2:i386 libjpeg62:i386 libstdc++6:i386 libxml2:i386 ghostscript:i386

apt-get install /path/to/ufrii_driver.deb