Ubuntu 18.04 - 以下软件包具有未满足的依赖项：php7.2-fpm: ... 如何解决此错误？

Question

我的 Ubuntu 18.04 中有 php 版本 7.1。

PHP 7.1.33-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 (cli) (built: Oct 26 2019 19:28:18) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.1.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v7.1.33-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1, Copyright (c) 1999-2018, by Zend Technologies

我想在其上安装 php 7.2 并保留两个版本。在这篇文章之后，我得到了以下输出：

apt-cache pkgnames | grep php7.2

sudo apt-get install php -y

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 php : Depends: php7.2 but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

我在互联网上发现了类似的错误和可能的解决方案。他们中的大多数是关于/etc/apt/sources.list.

我刚刚添加了以下内容（未注释）： sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates multiverse
#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates universe

#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main multiverse restricted universe
#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main multiverse restricted universe
#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main restricted universe 
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse 
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner

我仍然有同样的错误。这就是我在里面的内容ect/php：

这就是我在 apt 列表中看到的

ila@ila:~$ apt list php
Listing... Done
php/bionic,bionic 1:7.2+60ubuntu1 all
ila@ila:~$ rmadison
E: need at least one package name as an argument.
ila@ila:~$ rmadison php
 php | 1:7.0+35ubuntu6   | xenial         | all
 php | 1:7.0+35ubuntu6.1 | xenial-updates | all
 php | 1:7.2+60ubuntu1   | bionic         | all
 php | 2:7.2+69ubuntu1   | disco          | all
 php | 2:7.3+69ubuntu2   | eoan           | all
 php | 2:7.3+69ubuntu2   | focal          | all
ila@ila:~$ apt list php
Listing... Done
php/bionic,bionic 1:7.2+60ubuntu1 all
ila@ila:~$ sudo apt install php
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 php : Depends: php7.2 but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

删除 7.2 和 7.3 目录后，错误仍然存​​在。我该如何解决？

Answer 1

我找到了一个答案：

在这篇文章之后，我只是做了：

• sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
• sudo apt update
• sudo apt install apt-transport-https lsb-release ca-certificates
• sudo wget -O /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/php.gpg https://packages.sury.org/php/apt.gpg
• sudo sh -c 'echo "deb https://packages.sury.org/php/ $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/php.list'
• sudo apt update
• dpkg -l | grep php | tee packages.txt （检查内容）
• sudo apt install php7.2 php7.2-common php7.2-cli php7.2-fpm （安装基本）

然后

php -v
PHP 7.2.24-1+ubuntu18.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 (cli) (built: Oct 24 2019 18:29:11) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies

我仍然有我的项目使用 php7.1 和新的 7.2。

ila@ila:/etc/php$ ll
total 24
drwxr-xr-x   4 root root  4096 Nov 21 12:24 ./
drwxr-xr-x 161 root root 12288 Nov 21 12:14 ../
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root  4096 Jul 26  2018 7.1/
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root  4096 Nov 21 12:24 7.2/
ila@ila:/etc/php$ tree 7.2/
7.2/
??? cli
?   ??? conf.d
?   ?   ??? 10-opcache.ini -> /etc/php/7.2/mods-available/opcache.ini
?   ?   ??? 20-json.ini -> /etc/php/7.2/mods-available/json.ini
?   ?   ??? 20-readline.ini -> /etc/php/7.2/mods-available/readline.ini
?   ??? php.ini
??? fpm
?   ??? conf.d
?   ?   ??? 10-opcache.ini -> /etc/php/7.2/mods-available/opcache.ini
?   ?   ??? 20-json.ini -> /etc/php/7.2/mods-available/json.ini
?   ?   ??? 20-readline.ini -> /etc/php/7.2/mods-available/readline.ini
?   ??? php-fpm.conf
?   ??? php.ini
?   ??? pool.d
?       ??? www.conf
??? mods-available
    ??? json.ini
    ??? opcache.ini
    ??? readline.ini

6 directories, 13 files

或者安装一些可用的模块

sudo apt install -y php7.2-bz2 php7.2-common php7.2-cgi php7.2-cli php7.2-dba php7.2-dev libphp7.2-embed php7.2-bcmath php7.2-fpm php7.2-gmp php7.2-mysql php7.2-tidy php7.2 php7.2-sqlite3 php7.2-json php7.2-opcache php7.2-sybase php7.2-curl php7.2-ldap php7.2-phpdbg php7.2-imap php7.2-xml php7.2-xsl php7.2-intl php7.2-zip php7.2-odbc php7.2-mbstring php7.2-readline php7.2-gd php7.2-interbase php7.2-snmp php7.2-xmlrpc php7.2-soap php7.2-pspell php7.2-pgsql php7.2-enchant php7.2-recode