Kubuntu 启动速度极慢 (18.04 LTS)

Question

我的 Kubuntu 18.04 (LTS) 启动大约需要 3 分钟。这是大约6个月前的atm。

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相关详情如下：

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uname -a\nLinux konsole 5.0.0-31-generic #33~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Oct 1 10:20:39 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux\n

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systemd-analyze \nStartup finished in 5.754s (kernel) + 46.078s (userspace) = 51.833s\ngraphical.target reached after 46.059s in userspace\n\n

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（选择前几项）

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systemd-analyze blame\n         15.969s systemd-journal-flush.service\n         13.596s NetworkManager-wait-online.service\n         13.000s networkd-dispatcher.service\n         12.798s dev-sda1.device\n          8.445s gpu-manager.service\n          7.320s udisks2.service\n          6.598s ssh.service\n          5.433s NetworkManager.service\n          5.351s ModemManager.service\n          4.917s systemd-udevd.service\n          4.525s vboxdrv.service\n          4.520s apparmor.service\n          4.164s grub-common.service\n          3.576s accounts-daemon.service\n          3.110s thermald.service\n          3.109s bluetooth.service\n          3.107s lm-sensors.service\n          2.491s wpa_supplicant.service\n          2.335s systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service\n          1.901s systemd-rfkill.service\n          1.862s systemd-logind.service\n          1.709s systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\\x2duuid-199d5cb3\\x2d2d16\\x2d4f3f\\x2d8af8\\x2d99c53ad33b9f.service\n          1.634s avahi-daemon.service\n          1.441s systemd-backlight@backlight:intel_backlight.service\n          1.286s packagekit.service\n          1.271s systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service\n          1.168s systemd-modules-load.service\n          1.157s binfmt-support.service\n          1.045s keyboard-setup.service\n\n

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The time after the unit is active or started is printed after the "@" character.\nThe time the unit takes to start is printed after the "+" character.\n\ngraphical.target @30.321s\n\xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80multi-user.target @30.321s\n  \xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80networkd-dispatcher.service @20.286s +10.034s\n    \xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80basic.target @17.615s\n      \xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80sockets.target @17.615s\n        \xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80avahi-daemon.socket @17.615s\n          \xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80sysinit.target @17.523s\n            \xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80apparmor.service @14.592s +2.930s\n              \xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80local-fs.target @14.590s\n                \xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80home.mount @14.347s +242ms\n                  \xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\\x2duuid-199d5cb3\\x2d2d16\\x2d4f3f\\x2d8af8\\x2d99c53ad33b9f.service @12.804s +1.478s\n                    \xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80dev-disk-by\\x2duuid-199d5cb3\\x2d2d16\\x2d4f3f\\x2d8af8\\x2d99c53ad33b9f.device @12.803s\n

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Answer 1

在大多数情况下，可以禁用一些服务以减少启动时间，而不会影响桌面环境功能：

首先：

POSTFIX出现在您的帖子中。如果您的计算机不是邮件服务器并且不使用 POSTFIX，您可以postfix.service通过在终端中运行以下命令来禁用它：

sudo systemctl disable postfix.service

或者您可以通过在终端中运行以下命令来一起卸载 POSTFIX：

sudo apt remove postfix

第二：

NetworkManager-wait-online.service可以通过在终端中运行以下命令来禁用：

sudo systemctl disable NetworkManager-wait-online.service

请参考这个答案以获得更多解释。

第三：

依赖于 的功能的两个服务NetworkManager-wait-online.service是networkd-dispatcher.service和systemd-networkd.service。也可以通过在终端中运行以下命令来禁用这些命令：

sudo systemctl disable networkd-dispatcher.service

和：

sudo systemctl disable systemd-networkd.service

这两个服务严格用于systemd的连接目的，不会影响登录后桌面环境的连接。