wil*_*ill 5 usb-drive mount systemd
最近更新后，我在使用 Ubuntu 19.04 的不同机器上遇到了这个问题，并且在我的 DVD 和 USB 驱动器开始安装时出现问题后，我变得非常好奇。
\n\n在处理过程中apt我看到：
GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.systemd1.UnitMasked: Unit -.mount is masked.\n此消息会在不同时间出现。我担心这与最近可移动媒体自动安装失败有关。例如：
\n\n $ sudo apt update\n Hit:1 http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco InRelease\n Get:2 http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-updates InRelease [97.5 kB] \n Get:3 http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-backports InRelease [88.8 kB] \n Hit:4 https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian stable InRelease \n Ign:5 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease \n Get:6 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-security InRelease [97.5 kB] \n Hit:7 http://ppa.launchpad.net/danielrichter2007/grub-customizer/ubuntu disco InRelease \n Hit:8 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release \n Hit:10 https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable InRelease \n Hit:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net/teejee2008/ppa/ubuntu disco InRelease \n Fetched 284 kB in 2s (168 kB/s) \n Error: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.systemd1.UnitMasked: Unit -.mount is masked.\n Reading package lists... Done\n Building dependency tree \n Reading state information... Done\n All packages are up to date.\n发出...后
\n\n $ sudo apt upgrade \n...今天早上命令，当我的 USB 驱动器插入我的笔记本电脑时，它们都没有自动安装。昨天我的桌面上有这个（再次在最近的apt upgrade- ing之后）。我闻到了一股鱼腥味。
另一个可能相关的问题是（只读）DVD 无法正确读取。首先，除非我使用Disks（GUI）安装它们，否则它们不会安装，然后 VLC 和 dvd-backup 似乎找不到标题等。
一切都回到：“ Unit -.mount is masked.”（见下文）。
我对世间万物的理解systemd是“-.mount”就是root(/)。我正在寻找信息来帮助我找到比unmask-ing root 更好的解决方案。
有没有办法让事情重新回到正轨？
\n\n相关问题：
\n\npackagekit.service报告被屏蔽。Unit -.mount is masked.”调查：
\n\n我正在记录到目前为止我已经查看过的此问题的故障排除，然后在先检查之前重新启用某些内容？
\n\n我做了一些挖掘，因为我很惊讶我竟然拥有“ UnitMasked”东西……什么是“蒙面”？ 从man页面来看——
$ man systemctrl \n\n :\nmask UNIT...\n Mask one or more units, as specified on the command line. This will link these unit files to /dev/null, making it\n impossible to start them. This is a stronger version of disable, since it prohibits all kinds of activation of the unit,\n including enablement and manual activation. Use this option with care. \n : \n哪个包裹或东西让我烦恼？
\n\n这不是一个容易回答的问题——据我了解，我在控制台上看到的消息是：
\n\n GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.systemd1.UnitMasked: Unit -.mount is masked.\n这就引出了一个问题，什么是：\'-.mount在这种情况下，什么是：\'\'？
到目前为止，我在查询中查看的信息是，SystemD“包”使用的“单元”遇到了名为“-.mount”的问题。我想考虑的第一件事是确定哪个包有问题，而这绝对是用我必须手头的（或我所知道的）工具来完成的事情要简单得多。请建议更好的管理和故障排除工具systemd，您有一些建议。
对我来说，我决定查看所有活动服务，看看哪些服务产生了该问题。我会制作一个简短的 bash 脚本，xargs可以调用它来戳service {} status并添加一些格式：
#!/bin/bash\n # file: tmp.bash\n ################################\n\n svice="${1}"\n\n echo "------[${svice}]-----"\n service "${svice}" status\n echo " ======"\n echo\n并为每个活动服务调用此方法systemd...
service --status-all | fgrep "[ + ]" | awk -e \'{ print $4 }\' | xargs -i ./tmp/tmp.bash "{}" \\; | less\n我需要添加less到末尾以避免 22 个自动分页status。
扫描此输出中的“-.mount”的结果是：
\n\n ------[dbus]-----\n \xe2\x97\x8f dbus.service - D-Bus System Message Bus\n Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/dbus.service; static; vendor preset: enabled)\n Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-09-11 17:32:39 AEST; 1 weeks 1 days ago\n Docs: man:dbus-daemon(1)\n Main PID: 1011 (dbus-daemon)\n Tasks: 1 (limit: 4915)\n Memory: 5.7M\n CGroup: /system.slice/dbus.service\n \xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x801011 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation --syslog-only\n\n Sep 20 10:32:50 4TELLT70 dbus-daemon[1011]: [system] Activating via systemd: service name=\'org.freedesktop.PackageKit\' unit=\'packagekit.service\' requested by \':1.6013\' (uid=0 pid=23179 comm="/usr/bin/gdbus call --system --dest org.freedeskto" label="kernel")\n Sep 20 10:32:50 4TELLT70 dbus-daemon[1011]: [system] Activation via systemd failed for unit \'packagekit.service\': Unit -.mount is masked.\n Sep 20 10:32:53 4TELLT70 dbus-daemon[1011]: [system] Activating via systemd: service name=\'org.freedesktop.fwupd\' unit=\'fwupd.service\' requested by \':1.367\' (uid=1000 pid=9453 comm="/usr/bin/gnome-software --gapplication-service " label="kernel")\n Sep 20 10:32:53 4TELLT70 dbus-daemon[1011]: [system] Activation via systemd failed for unit \'fwupd.service\': Unit -.mount is masked.\n Sep 20 10:36:08 4TELLT70 dbus-daemon[1011]: [system] Activating via systemd: service name=\'org.freedesktop.PackageKit\' unit=\'packagekit.service\' requested by \':1.6057\' (uid=0 pid=24456 comm="/usr/bin/gdbus call --system --dest org.freedeskto" label="kernel")\n Sep 20 10:36:08 4TELLT70 dbus-daemon[1011]: [system] Activation via systemd failed for unit \'packagekit.service\': Unit -.mount is masked.\n Sep 20 10:36:08 4TELLT70 dbus-daemon[1011]: [system] Activating via systemd: service name=\'org.freedesktop.PackageKit\' unit=\'packagekit.service\' requested by \':1.6057\' (uid=0 pid=24456 comm="/usr/bin/gdbus call --system --dest org.freedeskto" label="kernel")\n Sep 20 10:36:08 4TELLT70 dbus-daemon[1011]: [system] Activation via systemd failed for unit \'packagekit.service\': Unit -.mount is masked.\n Sep 20 10:36:14 4TELLT70 dbus-daemon[1011]: [system] Activating via systemd: service name=\'org.freedesktop.fwupd\' unit=\'fwupd.service\' requested by \':1.367\' (uid=1000 pid=9453 comm="/usr/bin/gnome-software --gapplication-service " label="kernel")\n Sep 20 10:36:14 4TELLT70 dbus-daemon[1011]: [system] Activation via systemd failed for unit \'fwupd.service\': Unit -.mount is masked.\n ======\n可以概括为以下几个包：
\n\n接下来我发现了这个漂亮的小命令：
\n\n systemctl list-unit-files\n其中提供了大量的单位和状态列表。寻找未蒙面的单位似乎是一个公平的问题......
\n\n $ systemctl list-unit-files | fgrep "masked"\n -.mount masked-runtime \n boot-efi.mount masked-runtime \n boot.mount masked-runtime \n :\n 56 results\n :\n umountroot.service masked \n x11-common.service masked \n\n $ systemctl list-unit-files | fgrep masked | fgrep fwupd\n $ systemctl list-unit-files | fgrep masked | fgrep package\n这给了我 56 个要扫描的单位。没有一个是：packagekit也没有fwupd。
单位语法：-.mount让我困惑，直到我看到下面链接的文章[ 1 ]中的“将斜线改为破折号” ：.mount
对我来说，关键的一点是破折号（“-”）据说代表路径中的斜杠（/）——使其成为root。
\n\n据我了解，那么：“ -.mount”是：“/ ”（根）。不是这样吗？
有了这些知识，我尝试unmask了restart活动
$ sudo systemctl unmask packagekit.service\n $ sudo service packagekit restart\n Failed to restart packagekit.service: Unit -.mount is masked.\n $ sudo systemctl restart packagekit.service\n Failed to restart packagekit.service: Unit -.mount is masked.\n更新一
\n\n今天 Ubuntu 有一个更新。问题仍然存在。我之前发现 DVD 问题与编解码器有关，并且已解决。
\n\n我还显示了所请求的列表
\n\nlsblk -fcat /etc/fstab升级快结束时，再次出现与以下内容相关的错误：umount问题相关的错误。
$ sudo apt upgrade -y\nReading package lists... Done\nBuilding dependency tree \nReading state information... Done\nCalculating upgrade... Done\nThe following packages will be upgraded:\nbluez bluez-cups bluez-obexd e2fsprogs libbluetooth3 libcom-err2 libext2fs2 libsdl2-2.0-0 libss2 libssl1.1 netplan.io openssl\nqemu-block-extra qemu-kvm qemu-system-common qemu-system-data qemu-system-gui qemu-system-x86 qemu-utils tzdata yarn\n21 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 0 to remove and 0 not to upgrade.\nNeed to get 13.2 MB of archives.\nAfter this operation, 66.6 kB of additional disk space will be used.\nGet:1 http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-updates/main amd64 libext2fs2 amd64 1.44.6-1ubuntu0.1 [160 kB]\nGet:2 https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian stable/main amd64 yarn all 1.19.0-1 [890 kB] \n\nCurrent default time zone: \'Australia/Sydney\'\nLocal time is now: Fri 4 Oct 00:04:06 AEST 2019.\nUniversal Time is now: Thu Oct 3 14:04:06 UTC 2019.\nRun \'dpkg-reconfigure tzdata\' if you wish to change it.\n\nSetting up bluez (5.50-0ubuntu2.1) ...\nFailed to restart bluetooth.service: Unit -.mount is masked.\ninvoke-rc.d: initscript bluetooth, action "restart" failed.\n\xe2\x97\x8f bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service\nLoaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)\nActive: active (running) since Thu 2019-09-19 08:26:47 AEST; 2 weeks 0 days ago\n Docs: man:bluetoothd(8)\nMain PID: 1451 (bluetoothd)\nStatus: "Running"\n Tasks: 1 (limit: 4915)\nMemory: 2.8M\nCGroup: /system.slice/bluetooth.service\n \xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x801451 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd\n\nOct 03 07:29:21 woodypear bluetoothd[1451]: Endpoint unregistered: sender=:1.15593 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource\nOct 03 07:29:21 woodypear bluetoothd[1451]: Endpoint unregistered: sender=:1.15593 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink\nOct 03 07:29:25 woodypear bluetoothd[1451]: Loading LTKs timed out for hci0\nOct 03 07:29:25 woodypear bluetoothd[1451]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.15593 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource\nOct 03 07:29:25 woodypear bluetoothd[1451]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.15593 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink\nOct 03 20:36:54 woodypear bluetoothd[1451]: Endpoint unregistered: sender=:1.15593 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource\nOct 03 20:36:54 woodypear bluetoothd[1451]: Endpoint unregistered: sender=:1.15593 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink\nOct 03 20:36:58 woodypear bluetoothd[1451]: Loading LTKs timed out for hci0\nOct 03 20:36:58 woodypear bluetoothd[1451]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.15593 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource\nOct 03 20:36:58 woodypear bluetoothd[1451]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.15593 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink\ndpkg: error processing package bluez (--configure):\ninstalled bluez package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1\nSetting up libss2:amd64 (1.44.6-1ubuntu0.1) ...\nSetting up qemu-system-data (1:3.1+dfsg-2ubuntu3.5) ...\nSetting up bluez-cups (5.50-0ubuntu2.1) ...\nSetting up libbluetooth3:amd64 (5.50-0ubuntu2.1) ...\nSetting up yarn (1.19.0-1) ...\nSetting up libsdl2-2.0-0:amd64 (2.0.9+dfsg1-1ubuntu1.19.04.1) ...\nSetting up openssl (1.1.1b-1ubuntu2.4) ...\nSetting up qemu-block-extra:amd64 (1:3.1+dfsg-2ubuntu3.5) ...\nSetting up qemu-system-common (1:3.1+dfsg-2ubuntu3.5) ...\nFailed to restart qemu-kvm.service: Unit -.mount is masked.\nFailed to try-restart qemu-kvm.service: Unit -.mount is masked.\nSetting up qemu-system-x86 (1:3.1+dfsg-2ubuntu3.5) ...\nSetting up e2fsprogs (1.44.6-1ubuntu0.1) ...\nupdate-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)\nSetting up qemu-utils (1:3.1+dfsg-2ubuntu3.5) ...\nSetting up qemu-kvm (1:3.1+dfsg-2ubuntu3.5) ...\nProcessing triggers for man-db (2.8.5-2) ...\nProcessing triggers for dbus (1.12.12-1ubuntu1.1) ...\nProcessing triggers for libc-bin (2.29-0ubuntu2) ...\nProcessing triggers for systemd (240-6ubuntu5.7) ...\nProcessing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.131ubuntu19.1) ...\nupdate-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.2.9-050209-generic\nErrors were encountered while processing:\nbluez\nError: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.systemd1.UnitMasked: Unit -.mount is masked.\nE: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)\n块设备/lsblk -f：
我会删除snap相关的安装座，除非这实际上可能是相关的。我无法使用lxd，唯一可用的安装似乎是snap.
$ sudo lsblk -f\nNAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT\nloop0 squashfs 0 100% /snap/lxd/11985\nloop1 squashfs 0 100% /snap/core/7396\nloop2 squashfs 0 100% /snap/fwupd/880\nloop3 squashfs 0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/100\nloop5 squashfs 0 100% /snap/core18/1098\nloop6 squashfs 0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/296\nloop7 squashfs 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/92\nloop8 squashfs 0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/73\nloop9 squashfs 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/67\nloop10 squashfs 0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/317\nloop11 squashfs 0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/406\nloop12 squashfs 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1313\nloop13 squashfs 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1198\nloop15 squashfs 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/90\nloop16 squashfs 0 100% /snap/core/7713\nloop17 squashfs \nloop18 squashfs 0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/95\nloop19 squashfs 0 100% /snap/core18/1144\nloop20 squashfs 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/71\nloop21 squashfs 0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/501\nloop22 btrfs default ea3db848-1e70-4c8a-b602-66f3efXXXX \nloop23 squashfs 0 100% /snap/fwupd/1023\nloop24 squashfs 0 100% /snap/lxd/11964\nloop25 squashfs 0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/81\nsda \n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80sda1 vfat 5888-2C75 1013.2M 1% /boot/efi\n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80sda2 ext4 fa69a588-5a3c-4f5d-beff-d5c5f7XXXX 30.5G 46% /\n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80sda3 ext4 Backup 81b6a1e3-0674-4c8c-b5ff-80010fXXXX 104.8G 46% /Backup\n\xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80sda5 ext4 Moort c88ac1c9-9c80-4d56-9faf-5a3210XXXX 115.6G 87% /Moort\nsdb \n\xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80sdb1 btrfs zpanda 353f4608-a9be-464e-b9e5-6e53771XXX 779.3G 79% /mnt/Zpanda\nsdc \n\xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80sdc1 ntfs Xpanda 7CF02B31F02AXXX 1.5T 17% /mnt/Xpanda\nsdd \n\xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80sdd1 vfat ALEX-06 38BF-XXX 8.2G 86% /media/username/AAAAA\nsde \n\xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80sde1 exfat GGGGGG C3EC-XXX 117.2G 2% /media/username/GGGGGG\nsr0 \n标有“GGGGGG”的 USB 未自动安装。这样就不一致了。有时它会自动安装，有时则不会。exfat它是用随带提供的 Ubutnu 进行格式化的drives。
坐骑/cat /etc/fstab：
我相信安装错误是指systemd模块而不是驱动器（但是我可以发现我没有走在正确的轨道上）。
$ cat /etc/fstab \n# /etc/fstab: static file system information.\n#\n# Use \'blkid\' to print the universally unique identifier for a\n# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices\n# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).\n#\n# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>\n#\n# / was on /dev/sda2 during installation\n#\n UUID=fa69a588-5a3c-4f5d-beff-d5c5f70XXXX / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1\n\n##\n# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation\n#\n UUID=5888-XXXX /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1\n\n##\n# /Moort partition\n#\n UUID=c88ac1c9-9c80-4d56-9faf-5a3210XXXX /Moort ext4 defaults 0 1\n /Moort/work /work none bind\n\n##\n# /Backup partition\n#\n UUID=81b6a1e3-0674-4c8c-b5ff-80010XXXX /Backup ext4 defaults 0 2\n\n##\n# /mnt/Xpanda partition\n#\n UUID=7CF02B31F0XXXX /mnt/Xpanda ntfs umask=007,fmask=137,dmask=027,uid=XXXX,gid=XXXXX,nls=utf8,utf8 0 2\n\n##\n# /mnt/Zpanda partition\n#\n UUID=353f4608-a9be-464e-b9e5-6e53771XXXX /mnt/Zpanda btrfs defaults 0 1\n\n##\n#\n /swapfile none swap sw 0 0\n参考：
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