如何在 18.04 返回到以前的 Thunderbird 版本？

Question

2018 年 15 月 10 日，更新推出了新版本的 Thunderbird (60.2.1)。不幸的是，这个版本不适用于我依赖的一些重要插件。返回到以前版本（60 之前，不确定是哪个版本）的程序是什么？谢谢！

Answer 1

第 1 步 - 找到您想要的版本

apt policy或apt-cache policy （或apt-cache madison）

例如

$ sudo apt policy thunderbird
thunderbird:
  Installed: 1:60.2.1+build1-0ubuntu0.18.04.2
  Candidate: 1:60.2.1+build1-0ubuntu0.18.04.2
  Version table:
 *** 1:60.2.1+build1-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 500
        500 http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 Packages
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 Packages
     1:52.7.0+build1-0ubuntu1 500
        500 http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages

所以现在我们知道（此时）我们有两个版本：

• 1:60.2.1+build1-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 和
• 1:52.7.0+build1-0ubuntu1

三颗星***表示这是当前根据“已安装：”行安装的版本。

第 2 步 - 安装另一个版本

这很简单，只需将语法[packagename]=[version]与apt install.

例如

$ sudo apt install thunderbird=1:52.7.0+build1-0ubuntu1
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:
  thunderbird-gnome-support ttf-lyx
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
  thunderbird
0 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 1 to downgrade, 0 to remove and 12 not to upgrade.
Need to get 46.5 MB of archives.
After this operation, 38.4 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

请注意软件包将被降级的警告

奖励步骤 - 锁定该版本 （又名apt-mark hold）

如果你想停止apt upgrade再次升级包，那么你可以告诉 apt持有一个包。

例如

$ sudo apt-mark hold thunderbird
thunderbird set on hold.

所以现在，当你apt upgrade收到一个警告，包已被保留。例如

$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  thunderbird
0 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 0 to remove and 1 not to upgrade.

当您再次升级感到舒适时，您可以释放保留：

$ sudo apt-mark unhold thunderbird
Cancelled hold on thunderbird.

瞧，最新版本现在再次成为默认版本：

$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
  thunderbird
1 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 0 to remove and 0 not to upgrade.
Need to get 41.1 MB of archives.
After this operation, 38.4 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

您也可以使用apt pinning和/etc/apt/preferences文件，但对于此任务来说，hold更容易！