Ubuntu 18.04 从 16.04 LTS 升级失败

Question

我正在使用 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 并且我运行了do-release-upgrade -d但升级失败并显示一条错误消息，指出包有未满足的依赖项。

sudo apt-get -f install并且sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade也未能修复错误。

这是完整的错误消息：

Correcting dependencies... failed.

The following packages have unmet dependencies:

 checkbox-converged : Depends: qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-toolkit-plugin but it is not installable
 gnome-calendar : Depends: gsettings-desktop-schemas (>= 3.21.2) but 3.18.1-1ubuntu1 is installed

 gnome-session : Depends: gnome-shell (>= 3.25.91-0ubuntu4~) but it is not installed

                 Depends: gnome-session-bin (>= 3.28.1-0ubuntu2) but 3.18.1.2-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 is installed

                 Depends: gnome-session-common (= 3.28.1-0ubuntu2) but 3.18.1.2-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 is installed

                 Depends: xwayland but it is not installed

                 Recommends: fonts-cantarell but it is not installed

                 Recommends: adwaita-icon-theme-full

                 Recommends: gnome-themes-extra but it is not installed
 gnome-settings-daemon : Depends: libgnome-desktop-3-17 (>= 3.17.92) but it is not installed
                         Depends: gsettings-desktop-schemas (>= 3.20) but 3.18.1-1ubuntu1 is installed

 libc-dev-bin : Depends: libc6 (< 2.24) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed

 libc6-dbg : Depends: libc6 (= 2.23-0ubuntu10) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed

 libc6-dev : Depends: libc6 (= 2.23-0ubuntu10) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed

 libqt5quick5 : Depends: libqt5core5a (>= 5.9.0~beta) but 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 is installed

                Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.9.0~beta) but 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 is installed

                Depends: libqt5qml5 (>= 5.9.5) but 5.5.1-2ubuntu6 is installed

                Depends: qtbase-abi-5-9-5

                Depends: qtdeclarative-abi-5-9-5

 libunity-webapps0 : Depends: unity-webapps-service but it is not installable
 libwayland-egl1-mesa : Depends: libegl1 but it is not installed

 qml-module-qtquick-controls : Depends: libqt5qml5 (>= 5.9.5) but 5.5.1-2ubuntu6 is installed

                               Depends: libqt5core5a (>= 5.9.0~beta) but 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 is installed

                               Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.9.0~beta) but 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 is installed

                               Depends: qtbase-abi-5-9-5

                               Depends: qtdeclarative-abi-5-9-5

 qml-module-qtquick-dialogs : Depends: libqt5qml5 (>= 5.9.5) but 5.5.1-2ubuntu6 is installed

                              Depends: libqt5core5a (>= 5.9.0~beta) but 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 is installed

                              Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.9.0~beta) but 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 is installed

                              Depends: qtbase-abi-5-9-5

                              Depends: qtdeclarative-abi-5-9-5

 qml-module-qtquick-window2 : Depends: libqt5core5a (>= 5.9.0~beta) but 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 is installed

                              Depends: qtdeclarative-abi-5-9-5

 qml-module-qtwebkit : Depends: libqt5core5a (>= 5.9.0~beta) but 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 is installed

                       Depends: qtdeclarative-abi-5-9-5
 qml-module-ubuntu-test : Depends: qml-module-ubuntu-components but it is not installable

                          Depends: libubuntugestures5 but it is not installable

 qml-module-ubuntu-ui-extras-browser : Depends: qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-toolkit-plugin (>= 1.3) but it is not installable or

                                                qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-toolkit-plugin-gles (>= 1.3) but it is not installable

 qml-module-ubuntu-web : Depends: qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-toolkit-plugin (>= 1.3) but it is not installable or

                                  qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-toolkit-plugin-gles (>= 1.3) but it is not installable

 unity-control-center : Depends: libgnome-desktop-3-17 (>= 3.27.90) but it is not installed

                        Recommends: system-config-printer but it is not installed

                        Recommends: gnome-control-center-faces but it is not installed

 unity-webapps-qml : Depends: qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-toolkit-plugin but it is not installable or

                              qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-toolkit-plugin-gles but it is not installable

E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.

E: Unable to correct dependencies

此外，GUI 变得有些奇怪。

发生了什么事？

Answer 1

这对我有用：

使用以下命令打开终端：（ CTRLALTF1 输入您的用户名和密码）然后

sudo apt install aptitude

下一步

sudo aptitude install ubuntu-desktop gdm3

您将获得如何修复不兼容性的选项，点击几次N，ENTER直到建议您删除旧软件包并安装更新的软件包。

然后给Y和ENTER给一个解决方案，删除旧的不兼容包并安装新的。

最后的

sudo reboot

以上对我有用。

Answer 2

使用Ctrl++打开终端并输入：AltT

update-manager -cd

从这里开始，尝试更新。如果部分升级选项出现错误，请单击它。这将恢复 GUI。重新启动，然后再次运行该命令。应该没有错误，您可以通过 GUI 继续升级。

Answer 3

根据错误消息，您似乎有许多损坏的软件包E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.。要解决，请查看该文件/var/log/dist-upgrade/apt.log。找到损坏的包并使用 删除它们sudo apt-get remove broken-package。如果存在依赖性错误，请尝试重新安装该软件包：sudo apt-get install --reinstall broken-package。

现在尝试修复依赖错误：

sudo apt-get -f install

重新启动并尝试再次升级。