“无法纠正问题，您持有破损的包裹”错误

Question

在我从“unity-tweak-tool”和一些简单的程序（CopyQ 等）安装语言包之后。发生了很多问题。

在我关闭 unity-tweak-tool 之后。我看到应用程序列表中未显示“unity-tweak-tool”。我试图重新安装'unity-tweak-tool'。但它不会安装。并得到错误E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

我试过的

• 我试图删除它

  sudo apt-get remove unity-tweak-tool 
  sudo apt purge unity-tweak-tool  
  sudo apt autoremove   
  sudo apt update 
  sudo apt -f install
  

尝试通过 aptitude 安装它

    sudo aptitude install unity-tweak-tool

——

    sudo apt-get install --fix-broken
    sudo apt-get autoclean
    sudo apt-get autoremove
    sudo apt-get -f install

• 清除上次安装。（学习自：https : //ubuntu-mate.community/t/cant-install-unity-tweak-tool-not-working/7090）

  sudo apt purge libqgsttools-p1  qml-module-qtquick-privatewidgets  khelpcenter libkf5attica5  libqt5clucene5  libqt5svg5  qml-module-qtquick-window2 libqt5test5  qml-module-qtwebkit  libkf5i18n-data  qml-module-qtquick2 libqt5help5  qml-module-qtquick-controls  libqt5multimedia5  libkf5declarative5 qtwayland5  libqt5dbus5  python3-pyqt5  libqt5sql5-sqlite  qml-module-qtquick-xmllistmodel  qml-module-qtquick-layouts  libqt5widgets5  qml-module-qttest libqt5waylandclient5  qml-module-qtquick-dialogs  kde-style-qtcurve-qt5 qmlscene  libqt5xml5  libqt5quicktest5  libqt5printsupport5  libqt5qml5 libqt5designercomponents5  frameworkintegration  libqt5gui5  libqt5multimedia5-plugins  libqt5quickwidgets5  libqt5x11extras5  libkf5declarative-data libqt5webkit5  libqt5script5  libqt5core5a  libkf5iconthemes-data  libqt5opengl5 libqt5xmlpatterns5  libkf5iconthemes5  qttools5-dev-tools  libqt5network5 libqt5designer5  libqt5positioning5  qtdeclarative5-dev-tools  libkf5kiocore5 libqt5quick5  libqt5sql5  libkf5i18n5  libqt5sql5-mysql  
  

• 在此之后，一些应用程序被损坏。（VLC、CopyQ、Glipper 等）

• 我试图重新安装它们。但注意工作。发生了同样的错误。例如对于 VLC

  sudo apt install vlc
  Reading package lists... Done
  Building dependency tree       
  Reading state information... Done
  Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
  requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
  distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
  or been moved out of Incoming.
  The following information may help to resolve the situation:
  The following packages have unmet dependencies:
  vlc : Depends: vlc-nox (= 2.2.2-5) but 2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16.04.4 is to be installed
   Depends: libgles1-mesa (>= 7.8.1) but it is not going to be installed or
              libgles1
     Recommends: vlc-plugin-notify (= 2.2.2-5) but it is not going to be installed
     Recommends: vlc-plugin-samba (= 2.2.2-5) but it is not going to be installed
  E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
  

• 重启系统后。“Glipper”是自动编排的。但它没有显示在应用程序列表中。

• 我也试过“突触”（VLC的结果是:)

突触 VLC 安装错误

突触 VLC 安装

• 还试图grep举行的节目。但没有显示。

  dpkg --get-selections | grep hold
  

有什么解决办法吗？

Answer 1

我的问题得到了解决。至少对于“VLC”和“unity-tweak-tool”程序。

但无法修复某些程序，如“Foxit Reader PDF”。因为它的安装是手动的。（“福昕阅读器”在突出显示文本或进行任何评论时崩溃并关闭）。

问题是“我没有aptitude正确使用命令。”

细节是：

首先在终端中运行它（注意：你可能需要安装“aptitude”包sudo apt-get install aptitude）

sudo aptitude install vlc

过了一会儿，它问：

Keep the following packages at their current version:
    1)     libgles1-mesa [Not Installed]                      
    2)     vlc [Not Installed]                                
    3)     vlc-plugin-notify [Not Installed]                  
    4)     vlc-plugin-samba [Not Installed]                   

    Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] n

由n（否）回答

然后它问：

Remove the following packages:                                            
    1)      libgl1-mesa-glx:i386                                                    
    2)      libglu1-mesa:i386                                                       
    3)      wine-devel                                                              
    4)      wine-devel-i386:i386                                                    
    5)      wine1.4                                                                 
    6)      wine1.4-amd64                                                           
    7)      winehq-devel                                                            

 Downgrade the following packages:                                         
    8)      libgl1-mesa-glx [17.0.7-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 (now) -> 11.2.0-1ubuntu2 (xenia
    9)      libglapi-mesa [17.0.7-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 (now) -> 11.2.0-1ubuntu2 (xenial)
    10)     libglapi-mesa:i386 [17.0.7-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 (now) -> 11.2.0-1ubuntu2 (xe
    11)     libgles2-mesa [17.0.7-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 (now) -> 11.2.0-1ubuntu2 (xenial)
    12)     libosmesa6 [17.0.7-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 (now) -> 11.2.0-1ubuntu2 (xenial)]  
    13)     libosmesa6:i386 [17.0.7-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 (now) -> 11.2.0-1ubuntu2 (xenia
    14)     libvlccore8 [2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16.04.4 (now) -> 2.2.2-5 (xenial)]          
    15)     vlc-data [2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16.04.4 (now) -> 2.2.2-5 (xenial)]             


    Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] y

回答它y（是）

然后问：

The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
  libgl1-mesa-glx libglapi-mesa libglapi-mesa:i386 libgles2-mesa libosmesa6 
  libosmesa6:i386 libvlccore8 vlc-data 
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libgles1-mesa{a} libqt5x11extras5{a} vlc vlc-nox{a} vlc-plugin-notify{a} 
  vlc-plugin-samba{a} 
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  libgl1-mesa-glx:i386{a} libglu1-mesa:i386{a} wine-devel{a} 
  wine-devel-i386:i386{a} wine1.4{a} wine1.4-amd64{a} winehq-devel{a} 
0 packages upgraded, 6 newly installed, 8 downgraded, 7 to remove and 42     not upgraded.
Need to get 6,395 kB/12.8 MB of archives. After unpacking 168 MB will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] y

y再次回答。

在此之后，问题得到解决，VLC 安装正确。

我希望，这对其他人也有帮助。

谢谢你的关注