NTFS 分区突然无法使用，“错误：读取 /dev/sdX 时文件结束”

Question

我在 SSD 上有一个 Ubuntu 盒，还有一个/dev/sdb带有一些 NTFS 分区的辅助 HDD ( )。

一些背景：昨天机器没有响应，我不得不强行关闭它（切断电源）。重启后 Ubuntu 会进入紧急模式。我发现 HDD 的 UUID 已经消失（没有出现在 中blkid），从而导致/etc/fstab. 我注释掉了磁盘行fstab并设法启动了 Ubuntu。

现在我正在尝试再次安装硬盘。首先我尝试了 Gparted。这是 libparted 的输出（由 gparted 使用）：

======================
libparted : 3.2
======================
end of file while reading /dev/sdb
The primary GPT table is corrupt, but the backup appears OK, so that will be used.

有趣的是，sudo blkid显示/dev/sdb为具有 PTUUID 而不是 UUID：

$ sudo blkid
/dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop1: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop2: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sda1: UUID="e407bc1c-4c2d-4dae-80ce-e6bd96346698" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="659e6a1e-01"
/dev/sda5: UUID="f9500440-cddf-41f6-8512-5a30e66fbf3d" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="659e6a1e-05"
/dev/sda6: UUID="18abc384-a610-4f65-8430-0109548a89ef" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="659e6a1e-06"
/dev/sdb: PTUUID="a6e9090d-b5ab-412a-8568-2eee08fa3fa8" PTTYPE="gpt"

我确信分区仍然存在，只是无法安装它们。parted正确列出它们：

$ sudo parted
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) select /dev/sdb                                                  
Using /dev/sdb
(parted) p                                                                
Error: end of file while reading /dev/sdb
Retry/Ignore/Cancel? i                                                    
Error: The primary GPT table is corrupt, but the backup appears OK, so that will be used.
OK/Cancel? OK                                                             
Model: ATA ST1000LM024 HN-M (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name                          Flags
 1      1049kB  316MB   315MB                EFI system partition          boot, esp
 2      316MB   945MB   629MB   ntfs         Basic data partition          hidden, diag
 3      945MB   1079MB  134MB                Microsoft reserved partition  msftres
 4      1079MB  979GB   978GB   ntfs         Basic data partition          msftdata
 5      979GB   1000GB  21,5GB  ntfs         Basic data partition          hidden, diag

(parted) q

因此，有 2 个错误 ( Error: end of file while reading /dev/sdb, Error: The primary GPT table is corrupt, but the backup appears OK, so that will be used.) 可能导致分区无法挂载。任何想法如何解决它们？

编辑这是输出ntfsfix：

$ sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdb
Mounting volume... NTFS signature is missing.
FAILED
Attempting to correct errors... NTFS signature is missing.
FAILED
Failed to startup volume: Invalid argument
NTFS signature is missing.
Trying the alternate boot sector
Unrecoverable error
Volume is corrupt. You should run chkdsk.

编辑gdisk 的输出

GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.1

Caution: invalid main GPT header, but valid backup; regenerating main header
from backup!

Caution! After loading partitions, the CRC doesn't check out!
Warning! Main partition table CRC mismatch! Loaded backup partition table
instead of main partition table!

Warning! One or more CRCs don't match. You should repair the disk!

Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: damaged

****************************************************************************
Caution: Found protective or hybrid MBR and corrupt GPT. Using GPT, but disk
verification and recovery are STRONGLY recommended.
****************************************************************************

编辑这是我错误执行的导致问题的命令：sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=512 seek=1

Answer 1

TLDR：我能够通过使用gdisk（w命令）写入来恢复磁盘（带有数据）。

正如在问题和评论部分所讨论的那样，情况是这样的：我通过dd在/dev/sdb.

我gdisk(8)在磁盘上运行，它通知 GPT 标头已损坏，但备份很好并加载了备份。在gdiskCLI 中，我运行了一个w命令（将分区表信息写入磁盘）并退出。之后，/dev/sdb立即被Ubuntu识别并挂载，无需其他更改。