删除 oibaf 和 paulo dias 存储库时的依赖性问题

Question

我添加了 Oibaf 和 Paulo Diases 存储库并升级了我的系统，这导致了 apt 损坏。我无法清除它们中的任何一个。

每当我尝试使用任何 apt 命令时都会发生这种情况。apt --fix-broken install不起作用：

sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libgl1-mesa-dev : Depends: libgl1-mesa-glx (= 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0) but 17.2~git1704220730.d682f8~gd~z is installed
 libgl1-mesa-glx : Depends: libglapi-mesa (= 17.2~git1704220730.d682f8~gd~z) but 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0 is installed
                   Breaks: libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 (!= 17.2~git1704220730.d682f8~gd~z) but 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0 is installed
 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 : Breaks: libgl1-mesa-glx (!= 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0) but 17.2~git1704220730.d682f8~gd~z is installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

的输出ppa-purge：

sudo ppa-purge ppa:paulo-miguel-dias/mesa
Updating packages lists
PPA to be removed: paulo-miguel-dias mesa
Package revert list generated:
 libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64/zesty mesa-vdpau-drivers:amd64/zesty 
mesa-vdpau-drivers:i386/zesty

Disabling paulo-miguel-dias PPA from 
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/paulo-miguel-dias-ubuntu-mesa-zesty.list
Updating packages lists
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Selected version '17.2~git1704230730.070072~gd~z' (Updated and Optimized Open Graphics Drivers:17.04/zesty [amd64]) for 'libgl1-mesa-glx'
Selected version '17.2~git1704230730.070072~gd~z' (Updated and Optimized Open Graphics Drivers:17.04/zesty [amd64]) for 'libglapi-mesa' because of 'libgl1-mesa-glx'
Selected version '17.2~git1704230730.070072~gd~z' (Updated and Optimized Open Graphics Drivers:17.04/zesty [amd64]) for 'mesa-vdpau-drivers'
Selected version '17.2~git1704230730.070072~gd~z' (Updated and Optimized Open Graphics Drivers:17.04/zesty [i386]) for 'mesa-vdpau-drivers:i386'
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libgl1-mesa-dev : Depends: libgl1-mesa-glx (= 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0) but 17.2~git1704230730.070072~gd~z is to be installed
 libgl1-mesa-glx : Depends: libglapi-mesa (= 17.2~git1704230730.070072~gd~z) but 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0 is to be installed
                   Breaks: libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 (!= 17.2~git1704230730.070072~gd~z) but 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0 is to be installed
 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 : Breaks: libgl1-mesa-glx (!= 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0) but 17.2~git1704230730.070072~gd~z is to be installed
 mesa-vdpau-drivers : Depends: libomxil-bellagio0 but it is not going to be installed
 mesa-vdpau-drivers:i386 : Depends: libomxil-bellagio0:i386 but it is not going to be installed
                           Depends: libxv1:i386 but it is not going to be installed
                           Depends: libxvmc1:i386 but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution)

尝试手动解决问题时，依赖地狱似乎并没有结束：

sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-glx=17.0.3-1ubuntu1 libgl1-mesa-dev=17.0.3-1ubuntu1 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386=17.0.3-1ubuntu1 libglapi-mesa=17.0.3-1ubuntu1Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libgl1-mesa-dev : Depends: mesa-common-dev (= 17.0.3-1ubuntu1) but 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0 is to be installed
 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 : Depends: libglapi-mesa:i386 (= 17.0.3-1ubuntu1) but 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0 is to be installed
 libglapi-mesa : Breaks: libglapi-mesa:i386 (!= 17.0.3-1ubuntu1) but 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0 is to be installed
 libglapi-mesa:i386 : Breaks: libglapi-mesa (!= 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0) but 17.0.3-1ubuntu1 is to be installed
 libgles2-mesa : Depends: libglapi-mesa (= 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0) but 17.0.3-1ubuntu1 is to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

的输出cat /etc/apt/sources.list：

# deb cdrom:[budgie-remix 16.10 _Budgie-remix_ -  amd64 (20161013)]/ xenial main restricted

# deb cdrom:[budgie-remix 16.10 _Budgie-remix_ -  amd64 (20161013)]/ yakkety contrib main non-free

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://hr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty main restricted
# deb-src http://hr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://hr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://hr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://hr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty universe
# deb-src http://hr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety universe
deb http://hr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty-updates universe
# deb-src http://hr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://hr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty multiverse
# deb-src http://hr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety multiverse
deb http://hr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://hr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://hr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://hr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu yakkety partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu yakkety partner

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security multiverse

的输出sudo apt --fix-broken install：

    Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... failed.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libgl1-mesa-dev : Depends: libgl1-mesa-glx (= 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0) but 17.2~git1704220730.d682f8~gd~z is installed
 libgl1-mesa-glx : Depends: libglapi-mesa (= 17.2~git1704220730.d682f8~gd~z) but 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0 is installed
                   Breaks: libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 (!= 17.2~git1704220730.d682f8~gd~z) but 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0 is installed
 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 : Breaks: libgl1-mesa-glx (!= 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0) but 17.2~git1704220730.d682f8~gd~z is installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.
E: Unable to correct dependencies

的输出sudo dpkg --configure -a：

dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgl1-mesa-dev:amd64:
 libgl1-mesa-dev:amd64 depends on libgl1-mesa-glx (= 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0); however:
  Version of libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 on system is 17.2~git1704220730.d682f8~gd~z.

dpkg: error processing package libgl1-mesa-dev:amd64 (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: error processing package libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 (--configure):
 package libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0 cannot be configured because libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 is at a different version (17.2~git1704220730.d682f8~gd~z)
Errors were encountered while processing:
 libgl1-mesa-dev:amd64
 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386

/etc/apt/sources.list.d/ ：

# deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/budgie-remix/ppa/ubuntu zesty main # disabled on upgrade to zesty
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/budgie-remix/ppa/ubuntu yakkety main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/budgie-remix/ppa/ubuntu yakkety main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/budgie-remix/ppa/ubuntu yakkety main
# deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/budgie-remix/ppa/ubuntu zesty main # disabled on upgrade to zesty
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/budgie-remix/ppa/ubuntu yakkety main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/danielrichter2007/grub-customizer/ubuntu zesty main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/danielrichter2007/grub-customizer/ubuntu zesty main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/danielrichter2007/grub-customizer/ubuntu zesty main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/danielrichter2007/grub-customizer/ubuntu zesty main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/morphis/anbox-support/ubuntu zesty main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/morphis/anbox-support/ubuntu zesty main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/morphis/anbox-support/ubuntu zesty main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/morphis/anbox-support/ubuntu zesty main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/oibaf/graphics-drivers/ubuntu zesty main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/oibaf/graphics-drivers/ubuntu zesty main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/oibaf/graphics-drivers/ubuntu zesty main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/oibaf/graphics-drivers/ubuntu zesty main
# deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/oranchelo/oranchelo-icon-theme/ubuntu zesty main # disabled on upgrade to zesty
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/oranchelo/oranchelo-icon-theme/ubuntu yakkety main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/oranchelo/oranchelo-icon-theme/ubuntu yakkety main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/oranchelo/oranchelo-icon-theme/ubuntu yakkety main
# deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/oranchelo/oranchelo-icon-theme/ubuntu zesty main # disabled on upgrade to zesty
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/oranchelo/oranchelo-icon-theme/ubuntu yakkety main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/oranchelo/oranchelo-icon-theme/ubuntu zesty main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/oranchelo/oranchelo-icon-theme/ubuntu zesty main
# deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/paulo-miguel-dias/mesa/ubuntu zesty main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/paulo-miguel-dias/mesa/ubuntu zesty main
# deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/paulo-miguel-dias/mesa/ubuntu zesty main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/paulo-miguel-dias/mesa/ubuntu zesty main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/sublime-text-2/ubuntu zesty main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/sublime-text-2/ubuntu zesty main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/sublime-text-2/ubuntu zesty main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/sublime-text-2/ubuntu zesty main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/sublime-text-3/ubuntu zesty main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/sublime-text-3/ubuntu zesty main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/sublime-text-3/ubuntu zesty main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/sublime-text-3/ubuntu zesty main

Answer 1

几周前，我在使用 oibaf ppa 时遇到了类似的问题。即使ppa-purge失败，您也可以恢复到官方的 Ubuntu 存储库版本。特别是因为这些包的依赖关系并不大。

所以，我建议只从显示的输出中注意包名称，并使用apt policy package-name命令从相应的存储库中列出版本。例如，apt policy libgl1-mesa-dev可能像这样返回

apt policy libgl1-mesa-dev 
libgl1-mesa-dev: 
Installed: 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0 
Candidate: 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0 
Version table: 
*** 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0 100 
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status 
17.2~git1704230730.070072~gd~z 500 
500 ppa.launchpad.net/oibaf/… zesty/main amd64 Packages 
17.0.3-1ubuntu1 500 
500 hr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty/main amd64 Packages

您可以看到官方存储库中的最新版本是17.0.3-1ubuntu1. 注意这个版本。对所有有问题的包执行此操作。

一旦你收集了所有官方最新版本的包名，你就可以sudo apt install libgl1-mesa-dev=version对所有包使用这种类型的命令。它将强制apt安装您提到的版本的软件包。

更多的包似乎说同样的事情也包括那些包。

在那之后，运气好的话，你应该是最后一个官方存储库。然后使用ppa-purge优雅地清除两个ppas。

我们已经在聊天中讨论了这个问题，看来这个命令有效。

sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-glx=17.0.3-1ubuntu1 libgl1-mesa-dev=17.0.3-1ubuntu1 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386=17.0.3-1ubuntu1 libglapi-mesa=17.0.3-1ubuntu1 mesa-common-dev=17.0* libglapi-mesa:i386=17.0* libglapi-mesa=17.0* libglapi-mesa=17.0* libgles2-mesa=17.0*

建议我建议始终aptitude安装。如果已安装，ppa-purge可能会更合适地工作。

感谢Ravexina 在我加入聊天室之前试图提供帮助。所以，特别感谢他在其他各种技巧上的工作。

最近发现的另一个技巧

我最近发现了一种更方便的方法来降级/摆脱依赖地狱而不指定版本。我列出步骤

您将删除 ppa 并确定从该 ppa中创建依赖关系问题的包。这些通常是您可以在以下消息样式中找到的包

 libgl1-mesa-dev : Depends: libgl1-mesa-glx (= 1:17.2~git170422012800.d682f8a~z~padoka0) but 17.2~git1704220730.d682f8~gd~z is installed

您知道该包libgl1-mesa-glx高于apt与 requeste 匹配的包find libgl1-mesa-dev，从而产生问题。

从该 ppa 中识别出有问题的包后，您将使用此 apt 从其他 repo 安装包，而无需使用发行版名称而不是像这样的版本字符串（对于 16.04，发行版名称为xenial）

sudo apt install libgl1-mesa-dev/xenial

这将从具有存档名称的存储库中选择一个版本xenial（请注意，所有 ppa 都将此xenial作为存档名称）。由于安装的包不是来自xenial存档（它是，但在删除 ppa 后，它来自 apt 的未知版本），apt将选择一个与相同版本一起提供的版本。大多数情况下，它是 Ubuntu 附带的官方存储库（除非您拥有来自其他 ppa 或存储库的软件包）。

令人惊讶的是，在apt这种情况下采取更明智的行动。不是选择依赖的最高版本libgl1-mesa-dev，而是从官方repo的指定版本中选择最高版本，即使需要降级其他已安装的包，有效解决问题！