Bul*_* M. 11 server networking dns bind 16.04
拥有 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 版本。根据任务应该安装 BIND 作为 DNS 服务器。我在 nsswitch.conf 中注意到:
hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4
能否请您解释一下什么mdns4_minimal
和mdns4
意味着,以及如何使系统使用本地绑定实例解析DNS查询?
是的,我知道如何启动/停止 BIND。
systemctl enable bind9
systemctl start/stop bind9.
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use*_*.dz 38
它由Avahi/Bonjour守护进程提供,即使没有中央 DNS 存在,它也允许小型网络计算机使用名称。它默认使用.local
域。
如果您不使用.local
DNS 服务器,则在 mDNS 之后设置 DNS nsswitch.conf
(默认)
hosts: files mdns4_minimal dns [NOTFOUND=return] mdns4
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否则.local
被您的 DNS 服务器使用(不用于 mdns 服务)
hosts: files dns [NOTFOUND=return] mdns4_minimal mdns4
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用于评论以说明其下方命令的目标)
## Update "locate" database
~$ sudo updatedb
## Search for file with "mdns4_minimal" in its name
~$ locate mdns4_minimal
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_mdns4_minimal.so.2
## Look for which package installs that file
~$ dpkg -S /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_mdns4_minimal.so.2
libnss-mdns:amd64: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_mdns4_minimal.so.2
## List all files from same package
~$ dpkg -L libnss-mdns:amd64
/.
/usr
/usr/share
/usr/share/lintian
/usr/share/lintian/overrides
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/libnss-mdns
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/libnss-mdns
/usr/share/doc/libnss-mdns/copyright
/usr/share/doc/libnss-mdns/README.html
/usr/share/doc/libnss-mdns/README.Debian
/usr/share/doc/libnss-mdns/style.css
/usr/share/doc/libnss-mdns/changelog.Debian.gz
/lib
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_mdns4.so.2
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_mdns_minimal.so.2
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_mdns.so.2
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_mdns4_minimal.so.2
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_mdns6.so.2
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_mdns6_minimal.so.2
## "README.html" looks the only documentation there, we open it
~$ xdg-open /usr/share/doc/libnss-mdns/README.html
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文档
编译和安装后,
nss-mdns
您将在以下位置找到六个新的 NSS 模块/lib
:
libnss_mdns.so.2
libnss_mdns4.so.2
libnss_mdns6.so.2
libnss_mdns_minimal.so.2
libnss_mdns4_minimal.so.2
libnss_mdns6_minimal.so.2
libnss_mdns.so.2
解析 IPv6 和 IPv4 地址,libnss_mdns4.so.2
仅解析IPv4 地址和libnss_mdns6.so.2
仅解析 IPv6 地址。由于大多数 mDNS 响应者仅通过 mDNS 注册本地 IPv4 地址,因此大多数人希望libnss_mdns4.so.2
独占使用 。在这种情况下使用libnss_mdns.so.2
或libnss_mdns6.so.2
会在解析主机时导致长时间超时,因为大多数现代 Unix/Linux 应用程序首先检查 IPv6 地址,然后查找 IPv4。
libnss_mdns{4,6,}_minimal.so
(0.8 版中的新功能)与没有_minimal
. 但是,它们在某一方面有所不同。最小版本将始终拒绝解析不以 in 结尾的主机名.local
或不在范围内的地址169.254.x.x
(IPV4LL/APIPA/RFC3927使用的范围 。)结合使用_minimal
和普通 NSS 模块允许我们使 mDNS 具有权威性用于 Zeroconf 主机名和地址(因此不会在请求总是失败的 DNS 服务器上造成额外负担)并将其用作其他所有内容的后备。
files
& dns
NSS 模块,除了 IPv4 之外,都支持解析 IPv6。但是,mdns4
&mdns4_minimal
仅适用于 IPv4。
与mdns6
&相同,mdns6_minimal
仅适用于 IPv6。
mdns
& 同时mdns_minimal
支持 IPv4 和 IPv6,但如果网络中只部署了一个 IP 版本,则应避免使用它。因为它会尝试解析为 IPv6,然后回退到 IPv4,这会造成额外的延迟。
顺便说一句,Avahi 目前的默认设置是 IPv4,它是一个去中心化的服务。于是去了IPv6,承滴盘机应在重新使用IPv6nsswitch
和avahi
太。
[]
类似的[NOTFOUND=return]
?是的,正如我们所看到的 man nsswitch.conf
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)An action may also be specified following a service specification. The action modifies the behavior following a result obtained from the preceding data source. Action items take the general form: [STATUS=ACTION] [!STATUS=ACTION] where STATUS => success | notfound | unavail | tryagain ACTION => return | continue The ! negates the test, matching all possible results except the one specified. The case of the keywords is not significant. The STATUS value is matched against the result of the lookup function called by the pre? ceding service specification, and can be one of: success No error occurred and the requested entry is returned. The default action for this condition is "return". notfound The lookup succeeded, but the requested entry was not found. The default action for this condition is "continue". unavail The service is permanently unavailable. This can mean either that the required file cannot be read, or, for network services, that the server is not available or does not allow queries. The default action for this con? dition is "continue". tryagain The service is temporarily unavailable. This could mean a file is locked or a server currently cannot accept more connections. The default action for this condition is "continue". The ACTION value can be one of: return Return a result now. Do not call any further lookup functions. However, for compatibility reasons, if this is the selected action for the group database and the notfound status, and the configuration file does not con? tain the initgroups line, the next lookup function is always called, with? out affecting the search result. continue Call the next lookup function.
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