恢复 Ubuntu 14.04 加密安装

Question

我在 1TB SSD 上安装了 Ubuntu 14.04 的加密安装（完整驱动器，不仅是主目录）。我确实知道解密所有内容的密码。现在只是查找文件的问题。这是发生的事情；昨天，在安装了该 SSD 的同一台计算机上，我插入了另一个 SSD 并安装了全新的 Windows 7 Ultimate，以测试 Windows 键盘是否正常工作。确实如此，所以我完成了（没有接触 Ubuntu SSD），关闭计算机，用 Windows 7 拔下 SSD，然后继续正常启动。一旦我这样做了，我就进入了 Grub Rescue“进入救援模式......”并且从那以后一直被困在其中。我整个上午都在环顾谷歌，试图找到一个解决方案来回到 Ubuntu，但我很难过。这就是我

grub rescue> ls
(hd0) (hd0,msdos5) (hd0,msdos1)

grub rescue> ls (hd0)
(hd0): Filesystem is unknown.

grub rescue> ls (hd0,msdos1)
(hd0,msdos1): Filesystem is ntfs.

grub rescue> ls (hd0,msdos5)
(hd0,msdos5): Filesystem is ntfs.

grub rescue> ls (hd0,5)/boot
error: file '/boot' not found.

grub rescue> ls (hd0,1)/boot
error: file '/boot' not found.

grub rescue> ls (hd0,msdos5)/boot
error: file '/boot' not found.

grub rescue> ls (hd0,msdos1)/boot
error: file '/boot' not found.

我确实尝试从引导修复磁盘运行推荐修复，即使应用程序表示该过程成功，也没有任何变化。我不是要双启动这个系统，Ubuntu 是这个 SSD 上唯一的东西。在这一点上，我只是想恢复我的文件。

这是我正在尝试恢复的 /dev/sda：

$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/ram0: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram1: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram2: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram3: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram4: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram5: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram6: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram7: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram8: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram9: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram10: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram11: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram12: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram13: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram14: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram15: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/loop0: 1.3 GiB, 1433468928 bytes, 2799744 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes




Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2ca9a8a1

Device     Boot   Start        End    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *       2048     999423     997376  487M  7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2       1001470 1953523711 1952522242  931G  5 Extended
/dev/sda5       1001472 1953523711 1952522240  931G  7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

我已经通过 LiveCD USB 驱动器（在 Trying Ubuntu 中）尝试过 ecryptfs 恢复并得到了这个：

$ sudo ecryptfs-recover-private
INFO: Searching for encrypted private directories (this might take a while)...
find: '/run/user/999/gvfs': Permission denied
find: File system loop detected; 'sys/kernal/debug/pinctrl' is part of the same file system loop as '/sys/kernal/debug'.

看起来它不想找到加密的文件。当我尝试浏览驱动器时，我看到的只是 $RECYCLE.BIN 和 System Volume Information 文件夹。我有大约一半的驱动器装满了东西，所以如果我们能找到我的东西，我正在寻找大约 500GB 的恢复。有人可以帮忙吗？

Answer 1

是用LUKS加密的吗？我已经在 SSD 上的 LUKS 容器中运行 Ubuntu 14.04。启动并运行后，/boot 并未加密，但其他所有内容均已加密。因此 df -h 将 /dev/sda1 报告为 /boot 的源，将 /dev/dm-1 报告为 / 的源。dm-1 的实际容器是 /dev/sda5

如果您确实有 LUKS，您应该能够启动救援磁盘并使用cryptsetup它来访问它。

cryptsetup open <device> <mapping name>

用于打开设备（因此允许我从通过 LiveCD 启动的系统挂载 /dev/sda5）

cryptsetup isLuks <device>会告诉您该设备是否为 LUKS

cryptsetup repair <device>可能会修复你的分区。就我个人而言，我已经通过电子邮件给自己发送了 luks 标头的加密副本，因此如果标头损坏，我仍然可以修复磁盘。

您在 LiveCD 上的 /proc/partitions 中看到了什么？在我看来，尽管分区类型不同，但您的分区设置与我相同。

您可能会发现 sda1 实际上是 /boot，而 sda5 是您的加密驱动器。在我的系统上，fdisk 报告 sda1 和 sda5 的 ID 为 83。您的系统已将其更改为 7。您应该能够将它们更改回来，而不会损坏任何数据。如果他们错了，它可能会混淆引导加载程序，就像您的情况一样。
fdisk /dev/sda t 1 83 t 5 83 w q 应该测试一下。如果它有效，您应该能够像原来一样重新启动。如果没有再次运行，并将分区 1 和 5 上的类型更改回 7，然后您就回到了开始的地方。