Byt*_*der 46 permissions apt software-installation
我想在 16.04 上安装 Microsoft 字体并运行下面的命令，但是有很多错误（或只有警告？）关于用户_apt对下载的.exe文件没有权限。
命令：
sudo apt install ttf-mscorefont-installer
错误消息（对每个下载的字体 exe 重复）：
ttf-mscorefonts-installer: downloading http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/andale32.exe
Get:1 http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/andale32.exe [198 kB]
Fetched 198 kB in 1s (180 kB/s)
W: Can't drop privileges for downloading as file '/var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/andale32.exe' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)
但是最后还是说安装成功。那么这只是包安装脚本中的一个错误，还是我这边有什么问题？我需要采取任何进一步的行动吗？
完整输出（原始输出与 相同--reinstall）：
$ sudo apt install --reinstall ttf-mscorefonts-installer
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 4 not to upgrade.
Need to get 29,5 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu xenial/multiverse amd64 ttf-mscorefonts-installer all 3.4+nmu1ubuntu2 [29,5 kB]
Fetched 29,5 kB in 0s (280 kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 214933 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../ttf-mscorefonts-installer_3.4+nmu1ubuntu2_all.deb ...
mscorefonts-eula license has already been accepted
Unpacking ttf-mscorefonts-installer (3.4+nmu1ubuntu2) over (3.4+nmu1ubuntu2) ...
Processing triggers for fontconfig (2.11.94-0ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for update-notifier-common (3.168) ...
ttf-mscorefonts-installer: downloading http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/andale32.exe
Get:1 http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/andale32.exe [198 kB]
Fetched 198 kB in 1s (180 kB/s)
W: Can't drop privileges for downloading as file '/var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/andale32.exe' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)
ttf-mscorefonts-installer: downloading http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/arial32.exe
Get:1 http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/arial32.exe [554 kB]
Fetched 554 kB in 1s (466 kB/s)
W: Can't drop privileges for downloading as file '/var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/arial32.exe' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)
ttf-mscorefonts-installer: downloading http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/arialb32.exe
Get:1 http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/arialb32.exe [168 kB]
Fetched 168 kB in 0s (169 kB/s)
W: Can't drop privileges for downloading as file '/var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/arialb32.exe' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)
ttf-mscorefonts-installer: downloading http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/comic32.exe
Get:1 http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/comic32.exe [246 kB]
Fetched 246 kB in 1s (224 kB/s)
W: Can't drop privileges for downloading as file '/var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/comic32.exe' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)
ttf-mscorefonts-installer: downloading http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/courie32.exe
Get:1 http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/courie32.exe [646 kB]
Fetched 646 kB in 1s (472 kB/s)
W: Can't drop privileges for downloading as file '/var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/courie32.exe' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)
ttf-mscorefonts-installer: downloading http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/georgi32.exe
Get:1 http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/georgi32.exe [392 kB]
Fetched 392 kB in 1s (364 kB/s)
W: Can't drop privileges for downloading as file '/var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/georgi32.exe' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)
ttf-mscorefonts-installer: downloading http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/impact32.exe
Get:1 http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/impact32.exe [173 kB]
Fetched 173 kB in 0s (176 kB/s)
W: Can't drop privileges for downloading as file '/var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/impact32.exe' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)
ttf-mscorefonts-installer: downloading http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/times32.exe
Get:1 http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/times32.exe [662 kB]
Fetched 662 kB in 2s (235 kB/s)
W: Can't drop privileges for downloading as file '/var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/times32.exe' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)
ttf-mscorefonts-installer: downloading http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/trebuc32.exe
Get:1 http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/trebuc32.exe [357 kB]
Fetched 357 kB in 1s (307 kB/s)
W: Can't drop privileges for downloading as file '/var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/trebuc32.exe' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)
ttf-mscorefonts-installer: downloading http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/verdan32.exe
Get:1 http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/verdan32.exe [352 kB]
Fetched 352 kB in 4s (85,7 kB/s)
W: Can't drop privileges for downloading as file '/var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/verdan32.exe' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)
ttf-mscorefonts-installer: downloading http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/webdin32.exe
Get:1 http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/webdin32.exe [185 kB]
Fetched 185 kB in 0s (210 kB/s)
W: Can't drop privileges for downloading as file '/var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/webdin32.exe' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)
These fonts were provided by Microsoft "in the interest of cross-
platform compatibility". This is no longer the case, but they are
still available from third parties.
You are free to download these fonts and use them for your own use,
but you may not redistribute them in modified form, including changes
to the file name or packaging format.
Extracting cabinet: /var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/andale32.exe
extracting fontinst.inf
extracting andale.inf
extracting fontinst.exe
extracting AndaleMo.TTF
extracting ADVPACK.DLL
extracting W95INF32.DLL
extracting W95INF16.DLL
All done, no errors.
Extracting cabinet: /var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/arial32.exe
extracting FONTINST.EXE
extracting fontinst.inf
extracting Ariali.TTF
extracting Arialbd.TTF
extracting Arialbi.TTF
extracting Arial.TTF
All done, no errors.
Extracting cabinet: /var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/arialb32.exe
extracting fontinst.exe
extracting fontinst.inf
extracting AriBlk.TTF
All done, no errors.
Extracting cabinet: /var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/comic32.exe
extracting fontinst.inf
extracting Comicbd.TTF
extracting Comic.TTF
extracting fontinst.exe
All done, no errors.
Extracting cabinet: /var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/courie32.exe
extracting cour.ttf
extracting courbd.ttf
extracting courbi.ttf
extracting fontinst.inf
extracting couri.ttf
extracting fontinst.exe
All done, no errors.
Extracting cabinet: /var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/georgi32.exe
extracting fontinst.inf
extracting Georgiaz.TTF
extracting Georgiab.TTF
extracting Georgiai.TTF
extracting Georgia.TTF
extracting fontinst.exe
All done, no errors.
Extracting cabinet: /var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/impact32.exe
extracting fontinst.exe
extracting Impact.TTF
extracting fontinst.inf
All done, no errors.
Extracting cabinet: /var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/times32.exe
extracting fontinst.inf
extracting Times.TTF
extracting Timesbd.TTF
extracting Timesbi.TTF
extracting Timesi.TTF
extracting FONTINST.EXE
All done, no errors.
Extracting cabinet: /var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/trebuc32.exe
extracting FONTINST.EXE
extracting trebuc.ttf
extracting Trebucbd.ttf
extracting trebucbi.ttf
extracting trebucit.ttf
extracting fontinst.inf
All done, no errors.
Extracting cabinet: /var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/verdan32.exe
extracting fontinst.exe
extracting fontinst.inf
extracting Verdanab.TTF
extracting Verdanai.TTF
extracting Verdanaz.TTF
extracting Verdana.TTF
All done, no errors.
Extracting cabinet: /var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/webdin32.exe
extracting fontinst.exe
extracting Webdings.TTF
extracting fontinst.inf
extracting Licen.TXT
All done, no errors.
All fonts downloaded and installed.
Setting up ttf-mscorefonts-installer (3.4+nmu1ubuntu2) ...
mpa*_*pag 32
无法删除用户“_apt”无法访问文件“/var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/webdin32.exe”的权限。
这表明_apt用户无权写入/var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial目录或那里的任何现有文件。因此，安装将无法提取字体文件以依次更新（或首次安装）指示的字体。
我认为该软件包因此未正确安装，与当前接受的答案（https://askubuntu.com/a/812152/269638）不同。
首先，您需要使用以下命令验证您是否拥有此处_apt建议的用户：
getent passwd _apt
如果由于某种原因您没有_apt用户并且需要安装说明，请转到上面指示的链接。
接下来，您需要将指定的目录以及其中包含的所有文件和子目录分配给_apt用户。您需要保留与root超级用户组以及root用户帐户相关联的权限。在重新分配目录所有权后，我们应该执行一些目录清理，然后最终确保包及其依赖项已正确安装。
...在验证_apt用户确实存在之后：
sudo chown -R _apt:root /var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/
sudo rm /var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial/*.FA??ILED
sudo apt install --reinstall update-notifier-common ttf-mscorefonts-installer
Anw*_*war 19
这是错误#1543280，虽然是一个相当无害的错误。安装成功完成。在W:表示这只是一个警告。
另请注意，这与软件包无关ttf-mscorefonts-installer，而是每当apt访问已下载的文件时，您都会看到此警告。离线存储库也会发生这种情况。我有离线存储库，用于在没有 Internet 的情况下更新软件包，我自己总是在 Xenial (16.04) 中看到这一点。根本不是什么大问题。
为方便起见，我展示了从本地存储库重新安装 xrdp 的输出。
sudo apt-get --reinstall install xrdp
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 398 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/215 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 file:/media/Linux/linux_debs_repo/xenial_new xrdp 0.6.1-2 [215 kB]
(Reading database ... 612447 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack ..././debs/xrdp_0.6.1-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking xrdp (0.6.1-2) over (0.6.1-2) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu6) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Setting up xrdp (0.6.1-2) ...
N: Can't drop privileges for downloading as file '/media/Linux/linux_debs_repo/xenial_new/./debs/xrdp_0.6.1-2_amd64.deb' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)
检查有关 Unix 和 Linux SE 中 Apt 状态的问题apt-get update exit status
另一个相关的错误是#1570141
试试这个它对我有用。
wget http://httpredir.debian.org/debian/pool/contrib/m/msttcorefonts/ttf-mscorefonts-installer_3.6_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i ttf-mscorefonts-installer_3.6_all.deb
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