如何仅安装包的依赖项？

Question

运行sudo apt-get install <PACKAGE>将安装包、它的依赖项和任何其他推荐的包。

但是，似乎没有一种方法可以只安装包的依赖项并排除包本身。

怎么做呢？

Answer 1

这将安装包的Depends和PreDepends字段中的所有包：

sudo apt-get install $(apt-cache depends <PACKAGE> | grep Depends | sed "s/.*ends:\ //" | tr '\n' ' ')

基本上，您要求所有依赖项，过滤掉(Pre)Depends，并为 apt-get 格式化输出。

一个问题是依赖关系，如

Depends: pulseaudio
  pulseaudio:i386

或虚拟包，如

Depends: <java6-runtime-headless>
  default-jre-headless
  openjdk-6-jre-headless

所以：小心使用 - 它并不适用于所有情况！

Answer 2

如果您不介意复制/过去，只需使用-s. 这样您将看到将安装和/或升级哪些其他软件包，然后您只需从该列表中删除您不想安装的软件包名称，瞧。

sudo apt-get install -s <package>

Answer 3

apt-get build-dep <package> 会做的伎俩。

Answer 4

要列出未安装的给定软件包的所有依赖项，您可以使用 aptitude

aptitude search '!~i?reverse-depends("^PACKAGE_NAME$")'

安装依赖项

aptitude search '!~i?reverse-depends("^PACKAGE_NAME$")' -F "%p" | xargs sudo apt-get install

例子

• 列出依赖项

  % aptitude search '!~i?reverse-depends("^mc$")'
  p    mc-data         - Midnight Commander - a powerful file manager -- data files
  

• 只显示包名

  % aptitude search '!~i?reverse-depends("^mc$")' -F "%p"
  mc-data                            
  

• 安装依赖项，例如 mc

  % aptitude search '!~i?reverse-depends("^mc$")' -F "%p" | xargs sudo apt-get install     
  Reading package lists... Done
  Building dependency tree       
  Reading state information... Done
  The following NEW packages will be installed:
    mc-data
  0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
  Need to get 1.166 kB of archives.
  After this operation, 5.550 kB of additional disk space will be used.
  Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ wily/universe mc-data all 3:4.8.13-3 [1.166 kB]
  Fetched 1.166 kB in 0s (1.250 kB/s)
  Selecting previously unselected package mc-data.
  (Reading database ... 606748 files and directories currently installed.)
  Preparing to unpack .../mc-data_3%3a4.8.13-3_all.deb ...
  Unpacking mc-data (3:4.8.13-3) ...
  Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.6) ...
  Processing 1 added doc-base file...
  Registering documents with scrollkeeper...
  Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.4-1) ...
  Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.15-0ubuntu1) ...
  Setting up mc-data (3:4.8.13-3) ...