尝试从源代码编译 gnupg

Question

我从https://www.gnupg.org/download/下载了最新的稳定版 tarball并将其解压缩到我的 ubuntu 机器上的一个文件夹中。我必须 chmod 775 configure 才能运行它，然后我运行了 ./configure

我在最后收到了这条消息：

    GnuPG v2.0.29 has been configured as follows:


    Revision:  120fc69  (4623)
    Platform:  GNU/Linux (x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)


    OpenPGP:   yes
    S/MIME:    yes
    Agent:     yes 
    Smartcard: yes (without internal CCID driver)
    Gpgtar:    no


    Protect tool:      (default)
    Default agent:     (default)
    Default pinentry:  (default)
    Default scdaemon:  (default)
    Default dirmngr:   (default)


    Warning: Mismatches between the target platform and the
             to be used libraries have been detected for:
               libgpg-error libgcrypt
             Please check above for more warning messages.

我试图运行 sudo apt-get install libgpg-error libgcrypt 但它说找不到它们，所以我尝试了 libgpg-error-dev libgcrypt-dev 并得到了这个：

Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
libgpg-error-dev is already the newest version.
libgcrypt11-dev is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 69 not upgraded.

所以我试着运行 make 这就是我在最后看到的

Making all in .
make[3]: Entering directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new/tests'
srcdir=. GNUPGHOME=`/bin/pwd` GPG_AGENT_INFO= LC_ALL=C GPGSM=../sm/gpgsm ./runtest ./inittests
make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new/tests'
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new/tests'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new'
/bin/bash: ./runtest: permission denied
make[3]: *** [inittests.stamp] Error 126
make[2]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make: *** [all] Error 2
Making all in .
make[3]: Entering directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new/tests'
srcdir=. GNUPGHOME=`/bin/pwd` GPG_AGENT_INFO= LC_ALL=C GPGSM=../sm/gpgsm ./runtest ./inittests
/bin/bash: ./runtest: Permission denied
make[3]: *** [inittests.stamp] Error 126
make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new/tests'
make[2]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new/tests'
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new'
make: *** [all] Error 2

然后我运行 make install 并在最后得到相同的错误。出了什么问题？

编辑：

我手动编译并安装了 libgpg-error 和 libgcrypt，./configure 运行良好，没有任何警告，当我运行时，sudo make我得到了这个：

chmod 755 ./gpg_dearmor
./gpg_dearmor > ./pubring.gpg < ./pubring.asc
../../g10/gpg2: error while loading shared libraries: libgcrypt.so.20: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
make[3]: *** [pubring.gpg] Error 127
make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new/tests/openpgp'
make[2]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new/tests'
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new'
make: *** [all] Error 2

然后当我再次尝试 make install 时，我得到了这个：

Making install in tests
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new/tests'
Making install in openpgp
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new/tests/openpgp'
./gpg_dearmor > ./secring.gpg < ./secring.asc
../../g10/gpg2: error while loading shared libraries: libgcrypt.so.20: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
make[2]: *** [secring.gpg] Error 127
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new/tests/openpgp'
make[1]: *** [install-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new/tests'
make: *** [install-recursive] Error 1

编辑2：

我发现一个帖子说要运行 sudo ldconfig -v

然后当我一次又一次地跑时./configure，最后sudo make install我得到了这个错误：

Making all in .
make[3]: Entering directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new/tests'
srcdir=. GNUPGHOME=`/bin/pwd` GPG_AGENT_INFO= LC_ALL=C GPGSM=../sm/gpgsm ./runtest ./inittests
/bin/bash: ./runtest: Permission denied
make[3]: *** [inittests.stamp] Error 126
make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new/tests'
make[2]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new/tests'
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new'
make: *** [all] Error 2

编辑3：

我跑了sudo chmod 755 on tests/runtest，做了./configure，并sudo make再次，现在我有这样的错误：

Making all in .
make[3]: Entering directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new/tests'
srcdir=. GNUPGHOME=`/bin/pwd` GPG_AGENT_INFO= LC_ALL=C GPGSM=../sm/gpgsm ./runtest ./inittests
asschk: interpreter: invalid statement `set'
make[3]: *** [inittests.stamp] Error 1
make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new/tests'
make[2]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new/tests'
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/nitrous/gnupg-new'
make: *** [all] Error 2

叹息……

Answer 1

我发现提供的 speedo 方法对于 gnupg-2.1.X 来说是最简单的：

1. sudo apt-get update

2. sudo apt-get install libldap2-dev gtk+-2 libbz2-dev

3. 将最新的 gnupg-2.1.X tarball 和 cd 解压到新文件夹后，运行命令：

   sudo make -f build-aux/speedo.mk native INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local
   

4. sudo ldconfig

5. 下载最新的 pinentry-0.9.5，运行./configure && make && sudo make install.

6. 测试一下： gpg2 --version

****我想为 GnuPG v2.2.x 更新这个答案。以下 bash 文件将安装在 Ubuntu 16.04、17.10 上：

cd ~/Downloads
version=gnupg-2.2.2
wget https://gnupg.org/ftp/gcrypt/gnupg/$version.tar.bz2
wget https://gnupg.org/ftp/gcrypt/gnupg/$version.tar.bz2.sig
tar xf $version.tar.bz2
cd $version
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y libldap2-dev
sudo apt-get install -y gtk+-2
sudo apt-get install -y rng-tools
sudo apt-get install -y libbz2-dev
sudo apt-get install -y zlib1g-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libgmp-dev
sudo apt-get install -y nettle-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libgnutls28-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libsqlite3-dev
sudo apt-get install -y adns-tools
sudo apt-get install -y libreadline-dev
sudo apt-get install -y pinentry-gtk2
sudo apt-get install -y pcscd scdaemon
sudo make -f build-aux/speedo.mk native INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local
sudo ldconfig

这将支持豆腐和智能卡，如 Yubikey 4 Nano。要更新到最新版本编辑version=gnupg-2.2.2 测试它： gpg --version