如何安静 Ubuntu 15.04 嘈杂的系统日志

Question

在 Ubuntu 15.04 (Vivid Vervet)/var/log/syslog上非常嘈杂。每隔几秒就会有一条消息，来自systemd、thermald、gnome-session。大多数消息似乎不是必需的，只是一遍遍重复的状态或调试消息。

我发现这使得使用 syslog 来解决问题、监控错误和故障变得非常困难，因为日志中充满了来自各种守护进程的重复的非必要状态消息块。有没有办法配置系统以禁用系统日志中的此类消息？谢谢。

例如，以下thermald消息块在系统日志中每 10-60 秒重复一次：

May 30 17:37:14 xxx thermald[960]: Dropped below poll threshold
May 30 17:37:14 xxx thermald[960]: thd_trip_cdev_state_reset
May 30 17:37:14 xxx thermald[960]: thd_trip_cdev_state_reset
May 30 17:37:14 xxx thermald[960]: thd_trip_cdev_state_reset index 0:Processor
May 30 17:37:14 xxx thermald[960]: thd_trip_cdev_state_reset index 4:intel_powerclamp
May 30 17:37:14 xxx thermald[960]: thd_trip_cdev_state_reset index 6:intel_pstate
May 30 17:37:14 xxx thermald[960]: thd_trip_cdev_state_reset index 5:rapl_controller
May 30 17:37:14 xxx thermald[960]: thd_trip_cdev_state_reset
May 30 17:37:14 xxx thermald[960]: thd_trip_cdev_state_reset index 0:Processor
May 30 17:37:14 xxx thermald[960]: thd_trip_cdev_state_reset index 4:intel_powerclamp
May 30 17:37:14 xxx thermald[960]: thd_trip_cdev_state_reset index 6:intel_pstate
May 30 17:37:14 xxx thermald[960]: thd_trip_cdev_state_reset index 5:rapl_controller
May 30 17:37:15 xxx thermald[960]: Read set point 0

此外，每次my-weather-indicator更新都会gnome-session用以下 150 行状态消息填充系统日志（随着时间的推移，它会填充大部分系统日志）：

May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433075020
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433073280
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 1740
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433075080
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433073280
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: --- Updating data in location 1 ---
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ****** Updating weather
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ****** Calculating rawOffset
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ********************************************************
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ********************************************************
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: 05:39 << 8:24 << 20:52
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ********************************************************
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ********************************************************
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: -------------------------------------------------------
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: -------------------------------------------------------
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: OpenWeatherMap Weather Service url:http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?lat=43.6619&lon=-79.3952
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: -------------------------------------------------------
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: -------------------------------------------------------
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ****** Updated weather
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: **** New temperature: 9°
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: --- End of updating data in location 1 ---
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433075141
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 60
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433075201
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 120
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433075261
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 180
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433075321
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 240
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433075381
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 300
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433075441
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 360
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433075501
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 420
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433075561
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 480
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433075621
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 540
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433075681
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 600
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433075741
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 660
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433075801
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 720
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433075861
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 780
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433075921
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 840
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433075981
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 900
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433076041
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 960
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433076101
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 1020
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433076161
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 1080
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: message repeated 3 times: [ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: time.time() = 1433076221
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.actualization_time = 1433075081
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: (time.time()-self.actualization_time) = 1140
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: self.refresh*3600 = 1800
May 31 08:44:41 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////

此外，gnome-session有时会发出大量有关zeitgeist活动的警告，例如 200-300 行与此类似的消息：

May 31 15:01:21 xxx gnome-session[1848]: ** (zeitgeist-datahub:2657): WARNING **: recent-manager-provider.vala:132: Desktop file for "file:///home/zzz/Documents/file.png" was not found, exec: google-chrome-stable, mime_type: image/png

Answer 1

[其他答案loglevel=warn是错误的。Thermald 仅支持loglevel=info和loglevel=debug，因此它始终会记录至少info和更高级别。我通过检查源代码验证了这一点。]

要安静 Thermald，请使用：

/etc/rsyslog.d/99- Thermald.conf

if $programname == "thermald" and ($syslogseverity-text == "debug" or $syslogseverity-text == "info" or $syslogseverity-text == "notice") then stop

然后重新启动rsyslog：

service rsyslog restart

这将丢弃该notice级别或更低级别的所有 Thermald 消息，同时仍记录该级别warning或更高级别的消息。

您可以使用相同的基本模板来根据您的喜好安静其他程序。有关此功能的文档的起点（表达式）：

http://www.rsyslog.com/doc/expression.html