如何重新运行引导加载程序？

Question

跑步sudo apt-get -f install说The link /vmlinuz.old is a damaged link和：

you may need to re-run your boot loader[grub]

这是完整的输出：

user@chrubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  linux-headers-3.13.0-32 linux-headers-3.13.0-32-generic
  linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-32-generic
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
user@chrubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  linux-headers-3.13.0-32 linux-headers-3.13.0-32-generic
  linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-32-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 270 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
    LANGUAGE = "en
en",
    LC_ALL = (unset),
    LC_TIME = "en",
    LC_MONETARY = "en",
    LC_ADDRESS = "en",
    LC_TELEPHONE = "en",
    LC_NAME = "en",
    LC_MEASUREMENT = "en",
    LC_IDENTIFICATION = "en",
    LC_NUMERIC = "en",
    LC_PAPER = "en",
    LANG = (unset)
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
(Reading database ... 232120 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-headers-3.13.0-32-generic (3.13.0-32.57) ...
Removing linux-headers-3.13.0-32 (3.13.0-32.57) ...
Removing linux-image-extra-3.13.0-32-generic (3.13.0-32.57) ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.13.0-32-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-32-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-32-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.13.0-32-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-32-generic
The link /initrd.img.old is a damaged link
Removing symbolic link initrd.img.old 
 you may need to re-run your boot loader[grub]
Removing linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic (3.13.0-32.57) ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.13.0-32-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-32-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-32-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.13.0-32-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-32-generic
The link /vmlinuz.old is a damaged link
Removing symbolic link vmlinuz.old 
 you may need to re-run your boot loader[grub]
user@chrubuntu:~$

如何重新运行引导加载程序？

Answer 1

据旺布尔的回答到损坏/ vmlinuz和/initrd.img符号链接内核卸载后（在服务器故障），您不必在这种情况下做任何事情时，你的引导装载程序是GRUB / GRUB2，它是在这里。

对于其他一些引导加载程序（至少是LILO），显然有时需要手动运行引导加载程序的配置。

如果您确实需要告诉 GRUB 检查现有内核并更新其配置，运行sudo update-grub会这样做。运行它没有坏处。但在这种情况下应该没有必要。

Answer 2

在 grub 的情况下，错误有点奇怪。

当 apt 安装新的内核版本时，它会将 /vmlinuz 和 /initrd.img 移动到 /vmlinuz.old 和 /initrd.img.old （然后它们仍然指向当前活动的内核。再次注意 .old 扩展名，这与“内核卸载后损坏的链接”中链接的故事不同）并创建了两个新文件 /vmlinuz /initrd.img。

当您运行apt-get autoremove（消息不是由 生成的apt-get -f install）时，它会删除以前处于活动状态的内核（您在安装后重新启动，然后运行 ​​autoremove，对吗？），这会使链接无效。

当内核本身的删除完成时，自动删除本身会调用 update-grub：

run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.13.0-32-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-32-generic

因此：

The link /vmlinuz.old is a damaged link
Removing symbolic link vmlinuz.old 
 you may need to re-run your boot loader[grub]

所以， autoremove 会：

1. 删除旧内核
2. 运行更新grub
3. update-grub 删除链接到已删除文件的 .old 文件。

没什么可担心的 ：-）

问候。

Answer 3

$ sudo update-grub

如果你想删除/清除旧包，你也可以这样做

$ dpkg --list |grep "^rc" | cut -d " " -f 3 | xargs sudo dpkg --purge