Ubuntu 14.04 无法识别已安装的 Intel 图形驱动程序

Question

我对此完全陌生。我在新的戴尔桌面上运行 Ubuntu 14.04。我在使用超过 60% 的 CPU 时遇到 Xorg 和 compiz 的问题。我认为这是因为我的图形驱动程序没有被识别，所以软件被用作加速器而不是卡。

我的卡是 Intel Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core。请查看下面的输出，并询问我是否遗漏了重要信息。如有任何建议，我将不胜感激。我认为最重要的是“不是软件渲染：否”、“（EE）无法加载模块“模式设置”（模块不存在，0），以及“AIGLX：屏幕 0 不支持 DRI2；AIGLX ：恢复到软件渲染”是信息丰富的行。

我已经更新了英特尔驱动程序。

uname -a

Linux xxx 3.13.0-32-generic #57-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jul 15 03:51:08 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

lshw -c 视频

*-display UNCLAIMED     
       description: VGA compatible controller
       product: Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller
       vendor: Intel Corporation
       physical id: 2
       bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
       version: 06
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: vga_controller bus_master cap_list
       configuration: latency=0
       resources: memory:f7800000-f7bfffff memory:e0000000-efffffff ioport:f000(size=64)

输出：/usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p

OpenGL vendor string:   VMware, Inc.
OpenGL renderer string: Gallium 0.4 on llvmpipe (LLVM 3.4, 256 bits)
OpenGL version string:  2.1 Mesa 10.1.3


Not software rendered:    no
Not blacklisted:          yes
GLX fbconfig:             yes
GLX texture from pixmap:  yes
GL npot or rect textures: yes
GL vertex program:        yes
GL fragment program:      yes
GL vertex buffer object:  yes
GL framebuffer object:    yes
GL version is 1.4+:       yes


Unity 3D supported:       no

我的 Xorg.0.log 的相关部分：

[    10.871] Loading extension GLX
[    10.871] (==) Matched intel as autoconfigured driver 0
[    10.871] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 1
[    10.871] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 2
[    10.871] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 3
[    10.871] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
[    10.871] (II) LoadModule: "intel"
[    10.871] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so
[    10.873] (II) Module intel: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    10.873]     compiled for 1.15.0, module version = 2.99.910
[    10.873]     Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[    10.873]     ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 15.0
[    10.873] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting"
[    10.873] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module modesetting
[    10.873] (II) UnloadModule: "modesetting"
[    10.873] (II) Unloading modesetting
[    10.873] (EE) Failed to load module "modesetting" (module does not exist, 0)
[    10.873] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"
[    10.873] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fbdev_drv.so
[    10.873] (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    10.873]     compiled for 1.15.0, module version = 0.4.4
[    10.873]     Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[    10.873]     ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 15.0
[    10.873] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"
[    10.873] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so
[    10.873] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    10.873]     compiled for 1.15.0, module version = 2.3.3
[    10.873]     Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[    10.873]     ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 15.0
[    10.873] (==) Matched intel as autoconfigured driver 0
[    10.873] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 1
[    10.873] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 2
[    10.873] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 3
[    10.873] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
[    10.873] (II) LoadModule: "intel"
[    10.874] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so
[    10.874] (II) Module intel: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    10.874]     compiled for 1.15.0, module version = 2.99.910
[    10.874]     Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[    10.874]     ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 15.0
[    10.874] (II) UnloadModule: "intel"
[    10.874] (II) Unloading intel
[    10.874] (II) Failed to load module "intel" (already loaded, 32548)
[    10.874] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting"
[    10.874] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module modesetting
[    10.874] (II) UnloadModule: "modesetting"
[    10.874] (II) Unloading modesetting
[    10.874] (EE) Failed to load module "modesetting" (module does not exist, 0)
[    10.874] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"
[    10.874] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fbdev_drv.so
[    10.874] (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    10.874]     compiled for 1.15.0, module version = 0.4.4
[    10.874]     Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[    10.874]     ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 15.0
[    10.874] (II) UnloadModule: "fbdev"
[    10.874] (II) Unloading fbdev
[    10.874] (II) Failed to load module "fbdev" (already loaded, 0)
[    10.874] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"
[    10.874] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so
[    10.874] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    10.874]     compiled for 1.15.0, module version = 2.3.3
[    10.874]     Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[    10.874]     ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 15.0
[    10.874] (II) UnloadModule: "vesa"
[    10.874] (II) Unloading vesa
[    10.874] (II) Failed to load module "vesa" (already loaded, 0)
[    10.874] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Integrated Graphics Chipsets:
    i810, i810-dc100, i810e, i815, i830M, 845G, 854, 852GM/855GM, 865G,
    915G, E7221 (i915), 915GM, 945G, 945GM, 945GME, Pineview GM,
    Pineview G, 965G, G35, 965Q, 946GZ, 965GM, 965GME/GLE, G33, Q35, Q33,
    GM45, 4 Series, G45/G43, Q45/Q43, G41, B43
[    10.875] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) HD Graphics: 2000-5000
[    10.875] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Iris(TM) Graphics: 5100
[    10.875] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Iris(TM) Pro Graphics: 5200
[    10.875] (II) FBDEV: driver for framebuffer: fbdev
[    10.875] (II) VESA: driver for VESA chipsets: vesa
[    10.875] (++) using VT number 7
[    10.881] (II) Loading sub module "fbdevhw"
[    10.881] (II) LoadModule: "fbdevhw"
[    10.881] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libfbdevhw.so
[    10.881] (II) Module fbdevhw: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    10.881]     compiled for 1.15.1, module version = 0.0.2
[    10.881]     ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 15.0
[    10.881] (**) FBDEV(0): claimed PCI slot 0@0:2:0
[    10.881] (II) FBDEV(0): using default device
[    10.881] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for vesa
[    10.881] (II) FBDEV(0): Creating default Display subsection in Screen section
    "Default Screen Section" for depth/fbbpp 24/32
[    10.881] (==) FBDEV(0): Depth 24, (==) framebuffer bpp 32
[    10.881] (==) FBDEV(0): RGB weight 888
[    10.881] (==) FBDEV(0): Default visual is TrueColor
[    10.881] (==) FBDEV(0): Using gamma correction (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
[    10.881] (II) FBDEV(0): hardware: VESA VGA (video memory: 9024kB)
[    10.881] (II) FBDEV(0): checking modes against framebuffer device...
[    10.881] (II) FBDEV(0): checking modes against monitor...
[    10.881] (--) FBDEV(0): Virtual size is 1920x1200 (pitch 1920)
[    10.881] (**) FBDEV(0):  Built-in mode "current": 230.4 MHz, 94.7 kHz, 77.4 Hz
[    10.881] (II) FBDEV(0): Modeline "current"x0.0  230.41  1920 1952 2192 2432  1200 1204 1208 1224 -hsync -vsync -csync (94.7 kHz b)
[    10.881] (==) FBDEV(0): DPI set to (96, 96)
[    10.881] (II) Loading sub module "fb"
[    10.881] (II) LoadModule: "fb"
[    10.881] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libfb.so
[    10.881] (II) Module fb: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    10.881]     compiled for 1.15.1, module version = 1.0.0
[    10.881]     ABI class: X.Org ANSI C Emulation, version 0.4
[    10.881] (**) FBDEV(0): using shadow framebuffer
[    10.881] (II) Loading sub module "shadow"
[    10.881] (II) LoadModule: "shadow"
[    10.881] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libshadow.so
[    10.881] (II) Module shadow: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    10.881]     compiled for 1.15.1, module version = 1.1.0
[    10.881]     ABI class: X.Org ANSI C Emulation, version 0.4
[    10.881] (II) UnloadModule: "vesa"
[    10.881] (II) Unloading vesa
[    10.881] (==) Depth 24 pixmap format is 32 bpp
[    10.881] (EE) FBDEV(0): FBIOBLANK: Invalid argument
[    10.881] (==) FBDEV(0): Backing store enabled
[    10.882] (==) FBDEV(0): DPMS enabled
[    10.882] (==) RandR enabled
[    10.884] (II) SELinux: Disabled on system
[    10.885] (II) AIGLX: Screen 0 is not DRI2 capable
[    10.885] (EE) AIGLX: reverting to software rendering
[    10.903] (II) AIGLX: Loaded and initialized swrast
[    10.903] (II) GLX: Initialized DRISWRAST GL provider for screen 0

周二更新：此问题仍在继续。我注意到的其他可能与此相关的异常情况：

我的显示器被检测为“内置显示器”并且无法更改分辨率。我想这一定是相关的。（我有一个外接显示器。）

xrandr --verbose 的输出：

xrandr: Failed to get size of gamma for output default
Screen 0: minimum 1920 x 1200, current 1920 x 1200, maximum 1920 x 1200
default connected primary 1920x1200+0+0 (0x17f) normal (normal) 0mm x 0mm
Identifier: 0x17e
Timestamp:  173701
Subpixel:   unknown
Clones:    
CRTC:       0
CRTCs:      0
Transform:  1.000000 0.000000 0.000000
           0.000000 1.000000 0.000000
           0.000000 0.000000 1.000000
          filter: 
  1920x1200 (0x17f)  177.4MHz *current
        h: width  1920 start    0 end    0 total 1920 skew    0 clock   92.4KHz
        v: height 1200 start    0 end    0 total 1200           clock   77.0Hz

周三更新：我找到了英特尔的“驱动程序设备管理器”工具。安装了它。它正确地将我的图形硬件列为 Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller，但激活的驱动程序是 frambuffer 显示驱动程序 (fbdev)。相反，它让我可以选择在描述中使用“推荐”激活英特尔驱动程序（版本 2:2.99:910-0ubuntu1）。这一切都很好。

选中“激活”以获取正确的驱动程序。它要求重新启动计算机。说确定并重新启动.....没有骰子。结果一样。恢复到镓 0.4。

有什么想法吗？我的问题在哪里？它是在硬件中，还是在驱动程序中，还是在其他一些 ubuntu 文件中？

Answer 1

您可以尝试安装 intel-linux-graphics-installer。我亲自将它与各种 sandybridge 卡一起使用，尝试一下不会有什么坏处。

如果您没有 gdebi，我建议使用 gdebi 安装 deb 软件包来修复可能出现的依赖问题：

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install gdebi

现在从 01.org 下载安装程序

wget https://download.01.org/gfx/ubuntu/14.04/main/pool/main/i/intel-linux-graphics-installer/intel-linux-graphics-installer_1.0.6-0intel1_amd64.deb

使 deb 可执行并使用 gdebi 安装：

sudo chmod +x intel-linux-graphics-installer_1.0.6-0intel1_amd64.deb
sudo gdebi intel-linux-graphics-installer_1.0.6-0intel1_amd64.deb

现在，要运行安装程序，只需使用以下命令：

intel-linux-graphics-installer

重新启动以使您的更改生效。

有关英特尔开源技术的更多信息，请参见此处

https://01.org

和这里

https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/2014/intelr-graphics-installer-1.0.6-linux

Answer 2

您可以使用该命令启用 VDPAU 和 VAAPI VDPAU_DRIVERS=va_gl。这里是来源的链接http://www.webupd8.org/2013/09/adobe-flash-player-hardware.html

sudo apt-get install i965-va-driver

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install i965-va-driver libvdpau-va-gl1

Adobe flash 默认情况下不允许加速，因此您必须创建一个配置文件，如下所示：

sudo mkdir -p /etc/adobe
echo "EnableLinuxHWVideoDecode=1" | sudo tee /etc/adobe/mms.cfg
echo "OverrideGPUValidation=1" | sudo tee -a /etc/adobe/mms.cfg

这在系统范围内效果不佳，因为它与已经利用 VDPAU 的应用程序发生冲突。因此，要使用 VDPAU 运行单个应用程序，只需遵循此示例即可。

VDPAU_DRIVER=va_gl firefox

这将使用 VDPAU 驱动程序运行 Firefox 和 adobe flash。我还使用 Gimp 和其他一些软件（例如 VLC 和 mplayer）对此进行了测试。

另外，因为 /usr/bin/firefox 是一个 simlink，所以您可以安全地删除此文件，如下所示：

sudo rm /usr/bin/firefox

并将该文件替换为 bash 脚本，以便在每次打开 Firefox 时自动使用 VDPAU（将整个命令复制并粘贴到打开的终端中，同时复制两行）

echo '#!/bin/bash
VDPAU_DRIVER=va_gl /usr/lib/firefox/firefox.sh' | sudo tee /usr/bin/firefox

最后，使其可执行：

sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/firefox

现在您应该拥有 Firefox 的硬件加速和加速硬件解码。

要获得对 chrome 或 chromium 的支持，请键入：

chrome://flags

在网址栏中并启用“覆盖软件渲染列表”选项，它就像列表中的第一个。

然后，使用“synaptic”包管理器搜索 opengl 或 GL，具有加速、渲染、解码等功能。安装您能找到的所有 gl 支持，但是，请务必注意要进行的更改，以确保您不会通过在此过程中默认卸载所需的应用程序来安装会破坏系统的东西。（在接受任何更改之前请注意并阅读）。如果 chrome 或 chromium URL 页面上有任何不支持的内容

chrome://gpu

。。。你通常可以安装 gl support 来解决这个问题。我无法解决的唯一问题是完全加速解码。这并不完全支持，并且通常会在 YouTube 视频等过程中引发错误。由于chrome使用pepperflash而不是常规的adobe flash软件，因此您将无法通过google chrome或chromium使用VDPAU_DRIVER=va_gl命令来实现加速。