如何让内置 DHCP 根据名称而不是 MAC 地址为 LXC 容器分配静态 IP

Question

我知道，我可以手动分配静态 IP，使用/etc/network/interfaces.

我也知道，我可以通过寻找阅读LXC容器（例如MAC地址lxc.network.hwaddr条目/var/lib/lxc/<container-name>/config，并指定使用项基于IPdhcp-host=<mac-addr>,10.0.3.3的/etc/dnsmasq.d/<some file>。

在/etc/default/lxc-net我阅读的文件中

# Uncomment the next line if you'd like to use a conf-file for the lxcbr0
# dnsmasq.  For instance, you can use 'dhcp-host=mail1,10.0.3.100' to have
# container 'mail1' always get ip address 10.0.3.100.
#LXC_DHCP_CONFILE=/etc/lxc/dnsmasq.conf

那将适合我的需要；不幸的是，这样做没有任何效果。

Answer 1

我最近遇到了这个问题，我想我找到了一个简单的解决方案。我（仅）在 Ubuntu 14.04 上对其进行了测试。

首先，取消注释 /etc/default/lxc-net 这一行：

LXC_DHCP_CONFILE=/etc/lxc/dnsmasq.conf

在 /etc/lxc/dnsmasq.conf 中，定义一个 dhcp-hosts 文件：

dhcp-hostsfile=/etc/lxc/dnsmasq-hosts.conf

然后在 /etc/lxc/dnsmasq-hosts.conf 中添加条目，如下所示：

mail,10.0.3.16
web,10.0.3.17

当心：更改将在您重新启动 lxc-net（重新启动 dnsmasq）后生效：

service lxc-net restart

之后你可以修改 /etc/lxc/dnsmasq-hosts.conf 并将 SIGHUP 信号发送到 dnsmasq：

killall -s SIGHUP dnsmasq

所以是的，您需要重新启动 lxc-net，但只需一次。希望这可以帮助。

Answer 2

该解决方案通过修补 lxc upstart 脚本来工作。它确实将启动 lxcbr0 桥接器和启动 a 的复杂任务dnsmasq分成了两个单独的工作。现在您不需要重新启动整个lxc-net桥来重新加载dnsmasq- 重新加载sudo service restart lxc-dnsmasq就足够了，不需要关闭桥。

1. 停止 lxc-net 服务sudo service lxc-net stop并确保没有 lxcbr0（或同等）桥接。
2. 将 的内容替换/etc/init/lxc-net.conf为以下内容：

。

description "lxc network"
author "Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>"

start on starting lxc
stop on stopped lxc

env USE_LXC_BRIDGE="true"
env LXC_BRIDGE="lxcbr0"
env LXC_ADDR="10.0.3.1"
env LXC_NETMASK="255.255.255.0"
env LXC_NETWORK="10.0.3.0/24"
env varrun="/run/lxc"
env LXC_DOMAIN=""

pre-start script
    [ -f /etc/default/lxc ] && . /etc/default/lxc

    [ "x$USE_LXC_BRIDGE" = "xtrue" ] || { stop; exit 0; }

    use_iptables_lock="-w"
    iptables -w -L -n > /dev/null 2>&1 || use_iptables_lock=""
    cleanup() {
        # dnsmasq failed to start, clean up the bridge
        iptables $use_iptables_lock -D INPUT -i ${LXC_BRIDGE} -p udp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
        iptables $use_iptables_lock -D INPUT -i ${LXC_BRIDGE} -p tcp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
        iptables $use_iptables_lock -D INPUT -i ${LXC_BRIDGE} -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
        iptables $use_iptables_lock -D INPUT -i ${LXC_BRIDGE} -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
        iptables $use_iptables_lock -D FORWARD -i ${LXC_BRIDGE} -j ACCEPT
        iptables $use_iptables_lock -D FORWARD -o ${LXC_BRIDGE} -j ACCEPT
        iptables $use_iptables_lock -t nat -D POSTROUTING -s ${LXC_NETWORK} ! -d ${LXC_NETWORK} -j MASQUERADE || true
        iptables $use_iptables_lock -t mangle -D POSTROUTING -o ${LXC_BRIDGE} -p udp -m udp --dport 68 -j CHECKSUM --checksum-fill
        ifconfig ${LXC_BRIDGE} down || true
        brctl delbr ${LXC_BRIDGE} || true
    }
    if [ -d /sys/class/net/${LXC_BRIDGE} ]; then
        if [ ! -f ${varrun}/network_up ]; then
            # bridge exists, but we didn't start it
            stop;
        fi
        exit 0;
    fi

    # set up the lxc network
    brctl addbr ${LXC_BRIDGE} || { echo "Missing bridge support in kernel"; stop; exit 0; }
    echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
    mkdir -p ${varrun}
    ifconfig ${LXC_BRIDGE} ${LXC_ADDR} netmask ${LXC_NETMASK} up
    iptables $use_iptables_lock -I INPUT -i ${LXC_BRIDGE} -p udp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
    iptables $use_iptables_lock -I INPUT -i ${LXC_BRIDGE} -p tcp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
    iptables $use_iptables_lock -I INPUT -i ${LXC_BRIDGE} -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
    iptables $use_iptables_lock -I INPUT -i ${LXC_BRIDGE} -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
    iptables $use_iptables_lock -I FORWARD -i ${LXC_BRIDGE} -j ACCEPT
    iptables $use_iptables_lock -I FORWARD -o ${LXC_BRIDGE} -j ACCEPT
    iptables $use_iptables_lock -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s ${LXC_NETWORK} ! -d ${LXC_NETWORK} -j MASQUERADE
    iptables $use_iptables_lock -t mangle -A POSTROUTING -o ${LXC_BRIDGE} -p udp -m udp --dport 68 -j CHECKSUM --checksum-fill

    touch ${varrun}/network_up
end script

post-stop script
    [ -f /etc/default/lxc ] && . /etc/default/lxc
    [ -f "${varrun}/network_up" ] || exit 0;
    # if $LXC_BRIDGE has attached interfaces, don't shut it down
    ls /sys/class/net/${LXC_BRIDGE}/brif/* > /dev/null 2>&1 && exit 0;

    if [ -d /sys/class/net/${LXC_BRIDGE} ]; then
        use_iptables_lock="-w"
        iptables -w -L -n > /dev/null 2>&1 || use_iptables_lock=""
        ifconfig ${LXC_BRIDGE} down
        iptables $use_iptables_lock -D INPUT -i ${LXC_BRIDGE} -p udp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
        iptables $use_iptables_lock -D INPUT -i ${LXC_BRIDGE} -p tcp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
        iptables $use_iptables_lock -D INPUT -i ${LXC_BRIDGE} -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
        iptables $use_iptables_lock -D INPUT -i ${LXC_BRIDGE} -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
        iptables $use_iptables_lock -D FORWARD -i ${LXC_BRIDGE} -j ACCEPT
        iptables $use_iptables_lock -D FORWARD -o ${LXC_BRIDGE} -j ACCEPT
        iptables $use_iptables_lock -t nat -D POSTROUTING -s ${LXC_NETWORK} ! -d ${LXC_NETWORK} -j MASQUERADE || true
        iptables $use_iptables_lock -t mangle -D POSTROUTING -o ${LXC_BRIDGE} -p udp -m udp --dport 68 -j CHECKSUM --checksum-fill
        pid=`cat ${varrun}/dnsmasq.pid 2>/dev/null` && kill -9 $pid || true
        rm -f ${varrun}/dnsmasq.pid
        brctl delbr ${LXC_BRIDGE}
    fi
    rm -f ${varrun}/network_up
end script

3. 添加另一个文件，/etc/init/lxc-dnsmasq其中包含以下内容：

。

description "lxc dnsmasq service"
author "Adam Ryczkowski, ispired by Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>"

expect fork

start on started lxc-net
stop on stopped lxc-net

env USE_LXC_BRIDGE="true"
env LXC_BRIDGE="lxcbr0"
env LXC_ADDR="10.0.3.1"
env LXC_NETMASK="255.255.255.0"
env LXC_NETWORK="10.0.3.0/24"
env LXC_DHCP_RANGE="10.0.3.2,10.0.3.254"
env LXC_DHCP_MAX="253"
env LXC_DHCP_CONFILE=""
env varrun="/run/lxc-dnsmasq"
env LXC_DOMAIN=""

pre-start script
    [ -f /etc/default/lxc ] && . /etc/default/lxc

    [ "x$USE_LXC_BRIDGE" = "xtrue" ] || { stop; exit 0; }

    if [ ! -d ${varrun} ]; then
        mkdir -p ${varrun}
    fi
    opts="$LXC_DOMAIN_ARG -u lxc-dnsmasq --strict-order --bind-interfaces --pid-file=${varrun}/dnsmasq.pid --conf-file=${LXC_DHCP_CONFILE} --listen-address ${LXC_ADDR} --dhcp-range ${LXC_DHCP_RANGE} --dhcp-lease-max=${LXC_DHCP_MAX} --dhcp-no-override --except-interface=lo --interface=${LXC_BRIDGE} --dhcp-leasefile=/var/lib/misc/dnsmasq2.${LXC_BRIDGE}.leases --dhcp-authoritative --keep-in-foreground"

    /usr/sbin/dnsmasq $opts &

end script

post-stop script
    if [ -f ${varrun}/dnsmasq.pid ]; then
        PID=`cat ${varrun}/dnsmasq.pid`
        kill $PID
    fi
end script