使用 Avconv 录制桌面和麦克风音频

Question

我在 Ubuntu 13.10 和Gnome 3.10上使用Avconv来录制Minecraft 截屏视频。但是，我只能从我的麦克风中获得声音，而不能从笔记本电脑的扬声器中获得声音。我将如何同时录制笔记本电脑和麦克风？我正在使用带麦克风的 USB 耳机。

@Sneetsher 要求的信息：

实际命令：

avconv -f pulse -i default -b 64k -f x11grab -r 25 -s 1280x800 -i :0.0 -vcodec libx264 -preset ultrafast -threads 4 -y myscreencast2.mp4 

PulseAudio 信息：

$ pactl list short

0   module-device-restore       
1   module-stream-restore       
2   module-card-restore     
3   module-augment-properties       
4   module-switch-on-port-available     
5   module-alsa-card    device_id="0" name="pci-0000_00_1b.0" card_name="alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0" namereg_fail=false tsched=yes fixed_latency_range=no ignore_dB=no deferred_volume=yes use_ucm=yes card_properties="module-udev-detect.discovered=1"    
6   module-alsa-card    device_id="1" name="usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00-Device" card_name="alsa_card.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00-Device" namereg_fail=false tsched=yes fixed_latency_range=no ignore_dB=no deferred_volume=yes use_ucm=yes card_properties="module-udev-detect.discovered=1"  
7   module-udev-detect      
8   module-bluetooth-policy     
9   module-bluetooth-discover       
10  module-native-protocol-unix     
11  module-default-device-restore       
12  module-rescue-streams       
13  module-always-sink      
14  module-intended-roles       
15  module-suspend-on-idle      
16  module-systemd-login        
17  module-position-event-sounds        
18  module-filter-heuristics        
19  module-filter-apply     
20  module-x11-publish  display=:0  
21  module-x11-bell display=:0 sample=bell.ogg  
22  module-x11-cork-request display=:0  
23  module-x11-xsmp display=:0 session_manager=local/MELVIN-124833:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/2013,unix/MELVIN-124833:/tmp/.ICE-unix/2013  
0   alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo  module-alsa-card.c  s16le 2ch 44100Hz   IDLE
1   alsa_output.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00-Device.iec958-stereo   module-alsa-card.c  s16le 2ch 44100Hz   IDLE
0   alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor  module-alsa-card.c  s16le 2ch 44100Hz   RUNNING
1   alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo   module-alsa-card.c  s16le 2ch 44100Hz   RUNNING
2   alsa_output.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00-Device.iec958-stereo.monitor   module-alsa-card.c  s16le 2ch 44100Hz   RUNNING
3   alsa_input.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00-Device.analog-mono  module-alsa-card.c  s16le 1ch 44100Hz   RUNNING
15  0   28  protocol-native.c   float32le 1ch 25Hz
16  1   28  protocol-native.c   float32le 1ch 25Hz
17  2   28  protocol-native.c   float32le 1ch 25Hz
18  3   28  protocol-native.c   float32le 1ch 25Hz
0   module-systemd-login.c  (null)
5   module-x11-xsmp.c   (null)
6   protocol-native.c   gnome-settings-daemon
7   protocol-native.c   gnome-shell
8   protocol-native.c   gnome-shell
9   protocol-native.c   chrome
28  protocol-native.c   pavucontrol
36  protocol-native.c   pactl
0   screen-capture  s16le 2ch 96000Hz   0.872
1   bell-window-system  s16le 2ch 44100Hz   0.749
0   alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0  module-alsa-card.c
1   alsa_card.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00-Device   module-alsa-card.c

$ pactl stats

Currently in use: 12 blocks containing 548.2 KiB bytes total.
Allocated during whole lifetime: 7254422 blocks containing 2.9 GiB bytes total.
Sample cache size: 456.2 KiB
Server String: unix:/run/user/1000/pulse/native
Library Protocol Version: 28
Server Protocol Version: 28
Is Local: yes
Client Index: 37
Tile Size: 65496
User Name: guilmon
Host Name: MELVIN-124833
Server Name: pulseaudio
Server Version: 4.0
Default Sample Specification: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
Default Channel Map: front-left,front-right
Default Sink: alsa_output.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00-Device.iec958-stereo
Default Source: alsa_output.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00-Device.iec958-stereo.monitor
Cookie: 3f2a:1764

更新截图：

$ pactl list sources

Source #0
    State: SUSPENDED
    Name: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor
    Description: Monitor of Built-in Audio Analogue Stereo
    Driver: module-alsa-card.c
    Sample Specification: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
    Channel Map: front-left,front-right
    Owner Module: 5
    Mute: no
    Volume: 0:  20% 1:  20%
            0: -42.50 dB 1: -42.50 dB
            balance 0.00
    Base Volume: 100%
                 0.00 dB
    Monitor of Sink: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo
    Latency: 0 usec, configured 0 usec
    Flags: DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY 
    Properties:
        device.description = "Monitor of Built-in Audio Analogue Stereo"
        device.class = "monitor"
        alsa.card = "0"
        alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel"
        alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel at 0xe4644000 irq 48"
        alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
        device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1b.0"
        sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0"
        device.bus = "pci"
        device.vendor.id = "8086"
        device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
        device.product.id = "284b"
        device.product.name = "82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller"
        device.form_factor = "internal"
        device.string = "0"
        module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
        device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
    Formats:
        pcm

Source #1
    State: SUSPENDED
    Name: alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo
    Description: Built-in Audio Analogue Stereo
    Driver: module-alsa-card.c
    Sample Specification: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
    Channel Map: front-left,front-right
    Owner Module: 5
    Mute: no
    Volume: 0:  84% 1:  84%
            0: -4.50 dB 1: -4.50 dB
            balance 0.00
    Base Volume:  13%
                 -52.50 dB
    Monitor of Sink: n/a
    Latency: 0 usec, configured 0 usec
    Flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY 
    Properties:
        alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
        device.api = "alsa"
        device.class = "sound"
        alsa.class = "generic"
        alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
        alsa.name = "AD198x Analog"
        alsa.id = "AD198x Analog"
        alsa.subdevice = "0"
        alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
        alsa.device = "0"
        alsa.card = "0"
        alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel"
        alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel at 0xe4644000 irq 48"
        alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
        device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1b.0"
        sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0"
        device.bus = "pci"
        device.vendor.id = "8086"
        device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
        device.product.id = "284b"
        device.product.name = "82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller"
        device.form_factor = "internal"
        device.string = "front:0"
        device.buffering.buffer_size = "65536"
        device.buffering.fragment_size = "32768"
        device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
        device.profile.name = "analog-stereo"
        device.profile.description = "Analogue Stereo"
        device.description = "Built-in Audio Analogue Stereo"
        alsa.mixer_name = "Analog Devices AD1981"
        alsa.components = "HDA:11d41981,103c30be,00100200 HDA:14f12c06,103c1379,00100000"
        module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
        device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
    Ports:
        analog-input-microphone-internal: Internal Microphone (priority: 8900)
        analog-input-microphone-dock: Dock Microphone (priority: 7800)
        analog-input-microphone: Microphone (priority: 8700)
    Active Port: analog-input-microphone
    Formats:
        pcm

Source #5
    State: SUSPENDED
    Name: alsa_input.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00-Device.analog-mono
    Description: USB PnP Sound Device Analogue Mono
    Driver: module-alsa-card.c
    Sample Specification: s16le 1ch 48000Hz
    Channel Map: mono
    Owner Module: 26
    Mute: no
    Volume: 0:  85%
            0: -4.10 dB
            balance 0.00
    Base Volume:  40%
                 -23.81 dB
    Monitor of Sink: n/a
    Latency: 0 usec, configured 0 usec
    Flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY 
    Properties:
        alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
        device.api = "alsa"
        device.class = "sound"
        alsa.class = "generic"
        alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
        alsa.name = "USB Audio"
        alsa.id = "USB Audio"
        alsa.subdevice = "0"
        alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
        alsa.device = "0"
        alsa.card = "1"
        alsa.card_name = "USB PnP Sound Device"
        alsa.long_card_name = "C-Media Electronics Inc. USB PnP Sound Device at usb-0000:00:1d.2-2, full speed"
        alsa.driver_name = "snd_usb_audio"
        device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1d.2-usb-0:2:1.0"
        sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.2/usb7/7-2/7-2:1.0/sound/card1"
        udev.id = "usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00-Device"
        device.bus = "usb"
        device.vendor.id = "0d8c"
        device.vendor.name = "C-Media Electronics, Inc."
        device.product.id = "0139"
        device.product.name = "USB PnP Sound Device"
        device.serial = "C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device"
        device.string = "hw:1"
        device.buffering.buffer_size = "176400"
        device.buffering.fragment_size = "88200"
        device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
        device.profile.name = "analog-mono"
        device.profile.description = "Analogue Mono"
        device.description = "USB PnP Sound Device Analogue Mono"
        alsa.mixer_name = "USB Mixer"
        alsa.components = "USB0d8c:0139"
        module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
        device.icon_name = "audio-card-usb"
    Ports:
        analog-input-microphone: Microphone (priority: 8700)
    Active Port: analog-input-microphone
    Formats:
        pcm

Source #8
    State: SUSPENDED
    Name: alsa_output.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00-Device.analog-stereo.monitor
    Description: Monitor of USB PnP Sound Device Analogue Stereo
    Driver: module-alsa-card.c
    Sample Specification: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
    Channel Map: front-left,front-right
    Owner Module: 26
    Mute: no
    Volume: 0: 100% 1: 100%
            0: 0.00 dB 1: 0.00 dB
            balance 0.00
    Base Volume: 100%
                 0.00 dB
    Monitor of Sink: alsa_output.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00-Device.analog-stereo
    Latency: 0 usec, configured 0 usec
    Flags: DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY 
    Properties:
        device.description = "Monitor of USB PnP Sound Device Analogue Stereo"
        device.class = "monitor"
        alsa.card = "1"
        alsa.card_name = "USB PnP Sound Device"
        alsa.long_card_name = "C-Media Electronics Inc. USB PnP Sound Device at usb-0000:00:1d.2-2, full speed"
        alsa.driver_name = "snd_usb_audio"
        device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1d.2-usb-0:2:1.0"
        sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.2/usb7/7-2/7-2:1.0/sound/card1"
        udev.id = "usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00-Device"
        device.bus = "usb"
        device.vendor.id = "0d8c"
        device.vendor.name = "C-Media Electronics, Inc."
        device.product.id = "0139"
        device.product.name = "USB PnP Sound Device"
        device.serial = "C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device"
        device.string = "1"
        module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
        device.icon_name = "audio-card-usb"
    Formats:
        pcm

Answer 1

• 安装脉冲音频控制

  sudo apt-get install pavucontrol
  

• 只播放录音（无麦克风）

  打开它→输入设备→显示：所有输入设备→使用右侧的绿色按钮选择“监视器：模拟音频”

  有不同的频道名称，但您可以运行一些播放器，看看哪个有信号。

  打开 Gnome 音量控制时，它会将其覆盖回麦克风。我注意到在 13.04、13.10、14.04 的后期版本中。无法使用 Gnome 音量控制将其改回。（避免在录音时使用它）

• 麦克风和播放混合： pactl可以使用 CLI。例子：

  1. 检查水槽名称

     $ pactl list short sinks
     0   alsa_output.pci-0000_01_00.1.hdmi-stereo    module-alsa-card.c  s16le 2ch 44100Hz   SUSPENDED
     1   alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo  module-alsa-card.c  s16le 2ch 44100Hz   SUSPENDED
     

  2. 回送麦克风源到模拟接收器

     $ pactl load-module module-loopback latency_msec=1 sink=alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo
     30
     

  3. 使用上述相同步骤选择正确的输入设备。

  要关闭它：

  $ pactl unload-module 30
  

  或使用名称：

  $ pactl unload-module module-loopback
  

  要检查模块 ID：

  $ pactl list short modules
  

• 如果在输入设备中找不到回放模拟监视器

  1. 检查配置选项卡，它应该是全双工（输入/输出）

  2. 否则，可以创建一个虚拟输出设备然后将其环回。

     pactl load-module module-null-sink sink_name=Virtual1
     pactl load-module module-loopback latency_msec=1 sink=Virtual1
     

  3. 然后使用脉冲音频控制，与上述相同的步骤选择正确的输入设备Virtual1。

  4. 对于输出设备：

     • 如果需要所有混合系统输出，请使用输出设备选项卡。

     • 或者，如果仅需要某些应用程序输出（例如：仅 VLC 音乐播放...），则使用“播放”选项卡。在这种情况下，您可以录制一些内容并收听其他内容。

  作为参考，如何使用 PulseAudio 虚拟音频流通过 Skype 播放音乐？

• 如果它不起作用（以您的情况为例）

  1. 检查“模拟立体声输出”接收器的确切名称

     pactl list sinks
     

  2. 将麦克风环回至“模拟立体声输出”

     pactl load-module module-loopback latency_msec=1 sink=alsa_output.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00-Device.ana??log-stereo
     

  3. 检查“模拟立体声输出监视器”源的确切名称

     pactl list sources
     

  4. 然后通过指定“模拟立体声输出监视器”的设备名称直接录制，例如：

     avconv -f pulse -i "alsa_output.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00-Device.analog-??stereo.monitor" -b 64k -f x11grab -r 25 -s 1280x800 -i :0.0 -vcodec libx264 -preset ultrafast -threads 4 -y myscreencast2.mp4