如何在 ubuntu 上列出已安装的软件包及其详细信息？

Question

我是 ubuntu 的新手，并试图找出在 Ubuntu 上列出所有已安装软件包及其详细信息（如版本、发行版、安装时间、类别）的方法。发现以下命令将帮助我获取一些此类信息：

1) dpkg -l

2) dpkg-query -W -f='${PackageSpec}\t${version}\t${Description}\n'

与 Redhat 不同的是，这里缺少安装时间和类别信息。谁能知道检索这些详细信息的方法？

提前致谢。

Answer 1

简单而优雅：

sudo dpkg -l | more

或者

sudo dpkg -l | less

如果您想获得某些特定软件包的描述，请说firefox：

sudo dpkg -l | grep firefox

这是我的输出：

$ sudo dpkg -l | more
 Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name                                        Version                                 Description
+++-===========================================-=======================================-==============================================================
================
ii  accountsservice                             0.6.15-2ubuntu9.4                       query and manipulate user account information
ii  acl                                         2.2.51-5ubuntu1                         Access control list utilities
ii  acpi-support                                0.140                                   scripts for handling many ACPI events
ii  acpid                                       1:2.0.10-1ubuntu3                       Advanced Configuration and Power Interface event daemon
ii  activity-log-manager-common                 0.9.4-0ubuntu3.2                        blacklist configuration for Zeitgeist (assets)
ii  activity-log-manager-control-center         0.9.4-0ubuntu3.2                        blacklist configuration for Zeitgeist (control center integrat
ion)
ii  adduser                                     3.113ubuntu2                            add and remove users and groups
ii  adium-theme-ubuntu                          0.3.2-0ubuntu1                          Adium message style for Ubuntu
ii  aisleriot                                   1:3.2.3.2-0ubuntu1                      Solitaire card games
ii  akonadi-backend-mysql                       1.7.2-0ubuntu1                          MySQL storage backend for Akonadi
ii  akonadi-server                              1.7.2-0ubuntu1                          Akonadi PIM storage service
ii  alacarte                                    0.13.2-2ubuntu4                         easy GNOME menu editing tool
ii  alsa-base                                   1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu1                    ALSA driver configuration files
ii  alsa-utils                                  1.0.25-1ubuntu5                         Utilities for configuring and using ALSA
ii  anacron                                     2.3-14ubuntu1                           cron-like program that doesn't go by time
ii  apg                                         2.2.3.dfsg.1-2                          Automated Password Generator - Standalone version
ii  app-install-data                            0.12.04.4                               Ubuntu applications (data files)
ii  app-install-data-partner                    12.12.04.1                              Application Installer (data files for partner applications/rep
ositories)
ii  apparmor                                    2.7.102-0ubuntu3.7                      User-space parser utility for AppArmor
ii  appmenu-gtk                                 0.3.92-0ubuntu1.1                       Export GTK menus over DBus
ii  appmenu-gtk3                                0.3.92-0ubuntu1.1                       Export GTK menus over DBus
ii  appmenu-qt                                  0.2.6-0ubuntu1                          appmenu support for Qt
ii  apport                                      2.0.1-0ubuntu17.1                       automatically generate crash reports for debugging
ii  apport-gtk                                  2.0.1-0ubuntu17.1                       GTK+ frontend for the apport crash report system
ii  apport-symptoms                             0.16.1                                  symptom scripts for apport
ii  apt                                         0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.7                  commandline package manager
ii  apt-transport-https                         0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.7                  https download transport for APT
ii  apt-utils                                   0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.7                  package managment related utility programs
--More--

获取正在安装的软件包的日期和时间

cat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep " install "

要获取特定包：

$cat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep " install " | grep banshee
2013-12-12 12:51:48 install banshee <none> 2.4.1-3ubuntu1~precise2
2013-12-12 12:51:51 install banshee-extensions-common <none> 2.4.0-1ubuntu1
2013-12-12 12:51:51 install banshee-extension-radiostationfetcher <none> 2.4.0-    1ubuntu1
2013-12-12 12:51:51 install banshee-extension-soundmenu <none> 2.4.1-3ubuntu1~precise2

获取部分

$apt-cache show firefox | grep Section
Section: web

另请参阅：ListInstalledPackagesByDate

Answer 2

apt-cache showpkg <package> 将为您提供有关可用包版本、正向和反向依赖关系等的详细信息。

apt-cache show <package> 将提供描述、类别（部分）等。

我不知道有什么方法可以查看安装包的时间。