我有一台带有 win8 和 Ubuntu 12.04 64 位的 Asus Q500A；Linux 内核 3.8.0-32-generic。我一直有残留的包问题，这给我尝试重新配置 xserver-xorg-lts-raring 带来了麻烦。我尝试从突触中删除所有残留包，但未删除以下内容。我一直在使用一次sudo apt-get purge name删除一个包，我已经习惯了，libieee1284-3:i386但这太费时了。有没有办法可以一次删除所有这些或一组？
输出 sudo dpkg -l | grep "^rc"
rc gstreamer0.10-plugins-good:i386 0.10.31-1ubuntu1.2 GStreamer plugins from the "good" set
rc libaa1:i386 1.4p5-39ubuntu1 ASCII art library
rc libaio1:i386 0.3.109-2ubuntu1 Linux kernel AIO access library - shared library
rc libao4:i386 1.1.0-1ubuntu2 Cross Platform Audio Output Library
rc libasn1-8-heimdal:i386 1.6~git20120311.dfsg.1-2ubuntu0.1 Heimdal Kerberos - ASN.1 library
rc libasound2:i386 1.0.25-1ubuntu10.2 shared library for ALSA applications
rc libasyncns0:i386 0.8-4 Asynchronous name service query library
rc libatk1.0-0:i386 2.4.0-0ubuntu1 ATK accessibility toolkit
rc libavahi-client3:i386 0.6.30-5ubuntu2 Avahi client library
rc libavahi-common3:i386 0.6.30-5ubuntu2 Avahi common library
rc libavc1394-0:i386 0.5.3-1ubuntu2 control IEEE 1394 audio/video devices
rc libcaca0:i386 0.99.beta17-2.1ubuntu2 colour ASCII art library
rc libcairo-gobject2:i386 1.10.2-6.1ubuntu3 The Cairo 2D vector graphics library (GObject library)
rc libcairo2:i386 1.10.2-6.1ubuntu3 The Cairo 2D vector graphics library
rc libcanberra-gtk0:i386 0.28-3ubuntu3 GTK+ helper for playing widget event sounds with libcanberra
rc libcanberra0:i386 0.28-3ubuntu3 simple abstract interface for playing event sounds
rc libcap2:i386 1:2.22-1ubuntu3 support for getting/setting POSIX.1e capabilities
rc libcdparanoia0:i386 3.10.2+debian-10ubuntu1 audio extraction tool for sampling CDs (library)
rc libcroco3:i386 0.6.5-1ubuntu0.1 Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) parsing and manipulation toolkit
rc libcups2:i386 1.5.3-0ubuntu8 Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - Core library
rc libcupsimage2:i386 1.5.3-0ubuntu8 Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - Raster image library
rc libcurl3:i386 7.22.0-3ubuntu4.3 Multi-protocol file transfer library (OpenSSL)
rc libdatrie1:i386 0.2.5-3 Double-array trie library
rc libdbus-glib-1-2:i386 0.98-1ubuntu1.1 simple interprocess messaging system (GLib-based shared library)
rc libdbusmenu-qt2:i386 0.9.2-0ubuntu1 Qt implementation of the DBusMenu protocol
rc libdrm-nouveau2:i386 2.4.43-0ubuntu0.0.3 Userspace interface to nouveau-specific kernel DRM services -- runtime
rc libdv4:i386 1.0.0-3ubuntu1 software library for DV format digital video (runtime lib)
rc libesd0:i386 0.2.41-10build3 Enlightened Sound Daemon - Shared libraries
rc libexif12:i386 0.6.20-2ubuntu0.1 library to parse EXIF files
rc libexpat1:i386 2.0.1-7.2ubuntu1.1 XML parsing C library - runtime library
rc libflac8:i386 1.2.1-6 Free Lossless Audio Codec - runtime C library
rc libfontconfig1:i386 2.8.0-3ubuntu9.1 generic font configuration library - runtime
rc libfreetype6:i386 2.4.8-1ubuntu2.1 FreeType 2 font engine, shared library files
rc libgail18:i386 2.24.10-0ubuntu6 GNOME Accessibility Implementation Library -- shared libraries
rc libgconf-2-4:i386 3.2.5-0ubuntu2 GNOME configuration database system (shared libraries)
rc libgcrypt11:i386 1.5.0-3ubuntu0.2 LGPL Crypto library - runtime library
rc libgd2-xpm:i386 2.0.36~rc1~dfsg-6ubuntu2 GD Graphics Library version 2
rc libgdbm3:i386 1.8.3-10 GNU dbm database routines (runtime version)
rc libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0:i386 2.26.1-1 GDK Pixbuf library
rc libgif4:i386 4.1.6-9ubuntu1 library for GIF images (library)
rc libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-quantal:i386 9.0.3-0ubuntu0.4~precise1 free implementation of the OpenGL API -- DRI modules
rc libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-raring:i386 9.1.4-0ubuntu0.1~precise2 free implementation of the OpenGL API -- DRI modules
rc libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 8.0.4-0ubuntu0.6 free implementation of the OpenGL API -- GLX runtime
rc libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-quantal:i386 9.0.3-0ubuntu0.4~precise1 free implementation of the OpenGL API -- GLX runtime
rc libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-raring:i386 9.1.4-0ubuntu0.1~precise2 free implementation of the OpenGL API -- GLX runtime
rc libglapi-mesa:i386 8.0.4-0ubuntu0.6 free implementation of the GL API -- shared library
rc libglapi-mesa-lts-quantal:i386 9.0.3-0ubuntu0.4~precise1 free implementation of the GL API -- shared library
rc libglapi-mesa-lts-raring:i386 9.1.4-0ubuntu0.1~precise2 free implementation of the GL API -- shared library
rc libglu1-mesa:i386 8.0.4-0ubuntu0.6 Mesa OpenGL utility library (GLU)
rc libgnome-keyring0:i386 3.2.2-2 GNOME keyring services library
rc libgnutls26:i386 2.12.14-5ubuntu3.5 GNU TLS library - runtime library
rc libgomp1:i386 4.6.3-1ubuntu5 GCC OpenMP (GOMP) support library
rc libgpg-error0:i386 1.10-2ubuntu1 library for common error values and messages in GnuPG components
rc libgphoto2-2:i386 2.4.13-1ubuntu1.2 gphoto2 digital camera library
rc libgphoto2-port0:i386 2.4.13-1ubuntu1.2 gphoto2 digital camera port library
rc libgssapi-krb5-2:i386 1.10+dfsg~beta1-2ubuntu0.3 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries - krb5 GSS-API Mechanism
rc libgssapi3-heimdal:i386 1.6~git20120311.dfsg.1-2ubuntu0.1 Heimdal Kerberos - GSSAPI support library
rc libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0:i386 0.10.36-1ubuntu0.1 GStreamer libraries from the "base" set
rc libgstreamer0.10-0:i386 0.10.36-1ubuntu1 Core GStreamer libraries and elements
rc libgtk2.0-0:i386 2.24.10-0ubuntu6 GTK+ graphical user interface library
rc libgudev-1.0-0:i386 1:175-0ubuntu9.4 GObject-based wrapper library for libudev
rc libhcrypto4-heimdal:i386 1.6~git20120311.dfsg.1-2ubuntu0.1 Heimdal Kerberos - crypto library
rc libheimbase1-heimdal:i386 1.6~git20120311.dfsg.1-2ubuntu0.1 Heimdal Kerberos - Base library
rc libheimntlm0-heimdal:i386 1.6~git20120311.dfsg.1-2ubuntu0.1 Heimdal Kerberos - NTLM support library
rc libhx509-5-heimdal:i386 1.6~git20120311.dfsg.1-2ubuntu0.1 Heimdal Kerberos - X509 support library
rc libibus-1.0-0:i386 1.4.1-3ubuntu1 Intelligent Input Bus - shared library
rc libice6:i386 2:1.0.7-2build1 X11 Inter-Client Exchange library
rc libidn11:i386 1.23-2 GNU Libidn library, implementation of IETF IDN specifications
rc libiec61883-0:i386 1.2.0-0.1ubuntu1 an partial implementation of IEC 61883
rc libieee1284-3:i386 0.2.11-10build1 cross-platform library for parallel port access
rc libjack-jackd2-0:i386 1.9.8~dfsg.1-1ubuntu2 JACK Audio Connection Kit (libraries)
rc libjasper1:i386 1.900.1-13 JasPer JPEG-2000 runtime library
rc libjpeg-turbo8:i386 1.1.90+svn733-0ubuntu4.2 IJG JPEG compliant runtime library.
rc libjson0:i386 0.9-1ubuntu1 JSON manipulation library - shared library
rc libk5crypto3:i386 1.10+dfsg~beta1-2ubuntu0.3 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries - Crypto Library
rc libkeyutils1:i386 1.5.2-2 Linux Key Management Utilities (library)
rc libkrb5-26-heimdal:i386 1.6~git20120311.dfsg.1-2ubuntu0.1 Heimdal Kerberos - libraries
rc libkrb5-3:i386 1.10+dfsg~beta1-2ubuntu0.3 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries
rc libkrb5support0:i386 1.10+dfsg~beta1-2ubuntu0.3 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries - Support library
rc liblcms1:i386 1.19.dfsg-1ubuntu3 Little CMS color management library
rc libldap-2.4-2:i386 2.4.28-1.1ubuntu4.4 OpenLDAP libraries
rc libllvm3.0:i386 3.0-4ubuntu1 Low-Level Virtual Machine (LLVM), runtime library
rc libllvm3.1:i386 3.1-2ubuntu1~12.04.1 Low-Level Virtual Machine (LLVM), runtime library
rc libllvm3.2:i386 3.2-2ubuntu5~precise1 Low-Level Virtual Machine (LLVM), runtime library
rc libltdl7:i386 2.4.2-1ubuntu1 A system independent dlopen wrapper for GNU libtool
rc libmad0:i386 0.15.1b-7ubuntu1 MPEG audio decoder library
rc libmikmod2:i386 3.1.12-2 Portable sound library
rc libmng1:i386 1.0.10-3 Multiple-image Network Graphics library
rc libmpg123-0:i386 1.12.1-3.2ubuntu1 MPEG layer 1/2/3 audio decoder -- runtime library
rc libmysqlclient18:i386 5.5.32-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 MySQL database client library
rc libnspr4:i386 4.9.5-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 NetScape Portable Runtime Library
rc libnss3:i386 3.14.3-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 Network Security Service libraries
rc libodbc1:i386 2.2.14p2-5ubuntu3 ODBC library for Unix
rc libogg0:i386 1.2.2~dfsg-1ubuntu1 Ogg bitstream library
rc libopenal1:i386 1:1.13-4ubuntu3 Software implementation of the OpenAL API (shared library)
rc liborc-0.4-0:i386 1:0.4.16-1ubuntu2 Library of Optimized Inner Loops Runtime Compiler
rc libosmesa6:i386 8.0.4-0ubuntu0.6 Mesa Off-screen rendering extension
rc libp11-kit0:i386 0.12-2ubuntu1 Library for loading and coordinating access to PKCS#11 modules - runtime
rc libpango1.0-0:i386 1.30.0-0ubuntu3.1 Layout and rendering of internationalized text
rc libpixman-1-0:i386 0.24.4-1 pixel-manipulation library for X and cairo
rc libproxy1:i386 0.4.7-0ubuntu4.1 automatic proxy configuration management library (shared)
rc libpulse-mainloop-glib0:i386 1:1.1-0ubuntu15.4 PulseAudio client libraries (glib support)
rc libpulse0:i386 1:1.1-0ubuntu15.4 PulseAudio client libraries
rc libqt4-dbus:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 D-Bus module
rc libqt4-declarative:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 Declarative module
rc libqt4-designer:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 designer module
rc libqt4-network:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 network module
rc libqt4-opengl:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 OpenGL module
rc libqt4-qt3support:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 3 compatibility library for Qt 4
rc libqt4-script:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 script module
rc libqt4-scripttools:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 script tools module
rc libqt4-sql:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 SQL module
rc libqt4-svg:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 SVG module
rc libqt4-test:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 test module
rc libqt4-xml:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 XML module
rc libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 XML patterns module
rc libqtcore4:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 core module
rc libqtgui4:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 GUI module
rc libqtwebkit4:i386 2.2.1-1ubuntu4 Web content engine library for Qt
rc libraw1394-11:i386 2.0.7-1ubuntu1 library for direct access to IEEE 1394 bus (aka FireWire)
rc libroken18-heimdal:i386 1.6~git20120311.dfsg.1-2ubuntu0.1 Heimdal Kerberos - roken support library
rc librsvg2-2:i386 2.36.1-0ubuntu1 SAX-based renderer library for SVG files (runtime)
rc librtmp0:i386 2.4~20110711.gitc28f1bab-1 toolkit for RTMP streams (shared library)
rc libsamplerate0:i386 0.1.8-4 Audio sample rate conversion library
rc libsane:i386 1.0.22-7ubuntu1 API library for scanners
rc libsasl2-2:i386 2.1.25.dfsg1-3ubuntu0.1 Cyrus SASL - authentication abstraction library
rc libsdl-image1.2:i386 1.2.10-3 image loading library for Simple DirectMedia Layer 1.2
rc libsdl-mixer1.2:i386 1.2.11-7 Mixer library for Simple DirectMedia Layer 1.2, libraries
rc libsdl-net1.2:i386 1.2.7-5 Network library for Simple DirectMedia Layer 1.2, libraries
rc libsdl-ttf2.0-0:i386 2.0.9-1.1ubuntu1 ttf library for Simple DirectMedia Layer with FreeType 2 support
rc libsdl1.2debian:i386 1.2.14-6.4ubuntu3 Simple DirectMedia Layer
rc libshout3:i386 2.2.2-7ubuntu1 MP3/Ogg Vorbis broadcast streaming library
rc libsm6:i386 2:1.2.0-2build1 X11 Session Management library
rc libsndfile1:i386 1.0.25-4 Library for reading/writing audio files
rc libsoup-gnome2.4-1:i386 2.38.1-1 HTTP library implementation in C -- GNOME support library
rc libsoup2.4-1:i386 2.38.1-1 HTTP library implementation in C -- Shared library
rc libspeex1:i386 1.2~rc1-3ubuntu2 The Speex codec runtime library
rc libspeexdsp1:i386 1.2~rc1-3ubuntu2 The Speex extended runtime library
rc libsqlite3-0:i386 3.7.9-2ubuntu1.1 SQLite 3 shared library
rc libssl0.9.8:i386 0.9.8o-7ubuntu3.1 SSL shared libraries
rc libstdc++5:i386 1:3.3.6-25ubuntu1 The GNU Standard C++ Library v3
rc libstdc++6:i386 4.6.3-1ubuntu5 GNU Standard C++ Library v3
rc libtag1-vanilla:i386 1.7-1ubuntu5 audio meta-data library - vanilla flavour
rc libtasn1-3:i386 2.10-1ubuntu1.1 Manage ASN.1 structures (runtime)
rc libtdb1:i386 1.2.9-4 Trivial Database - shared library
rc libthai0:i386 0.1.16-3 Thai language support library
rc libtheora0:i386 1.1.1+dfsg.1-3ubuntu2 The Theora Video Compression Codec
rc libtiff4:i386 3.9.5-2ubuntu1.5 Tag Image File Format (TIFF) library
rc libtxc-dxtn-s2tc0:i386 0~git20110809-2.1 Texture compression library for Mesa
rc libunistring0:i386 0.9.3-5
Sau*_*mar 43
我给你一些命令，可以帮助你找到和删除损坏的包和残留的包等。
要查找是否有损坏的软件包：
sudo dpkg -l | grep "^iU"
要删除损坏的软件包，以下两个命令中的任何一个都会有所帮助：
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get remove --purge $(dpkg -l | grep "^iU" | awk '{print $2}')
要查找残留包，以下命令将有所帮助：
sudo dpkg -l | grep "^rc"
注意：如果任何包安装没有任何错误，第一列以ii开头，但对于剩余包，它以rc开头，对于损坏的包，它以iU开头。有关包裹状态信函的更多信息，请参阅此答案。
要删除所有残留包：
sudo apt-get remove --purge $(dpkg -l | grep "^rc" | awk '{print $2}')
我希望在了解这些命令后，您将能够解决您的问题。如果您需要任何帮助，我将一直等待您的回复。
pma*_*ycz 15
从 Ubuntu 20.04中的 2.0 版本开始，APT 本身就提供了对模式的支持
apt purge '~c'
有一种更简单的方法使用aptitude：
列出剩余的包：
aptitude search ~c
清除它们：
sudo aptitude purge ~c