有没有办法在 Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 中安装最新的 Nautilus 文件管理器

Question

我非常渴望在Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 中使用Nautilus File Manager 3.6或更高版本。我尝试了很多方法，但最终还是厌倦了问这个问题。

• 我去了这个链接：如何在 12.10 中安装 Nautilus 3.6？但这不是我的解决方案。

• 我尝试使用从这里下载的二进制包进行安装，但解决所有依赖包非常困难。这份名单不会结束。

• 我试图添加存储库：ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3但它说：nautilus is already the newest version.

Nautilus 在 Ubuntu 13.04 中是默认的。它的功能喜欢search files and folder并且lighting speed让我发疯。但不幸的是，我想坚持使用 Ubuntu LTS 版本。

编辑

我不知道如何，但以下链接显示Files (Nautilus) 3.6安装在Ubuntu 12.04：

文件 (Nautilus) 3.6.0 Final 可供下载

现在我的兴奋达到了顶峰。真的有办法在 Ubuntu 12.04 中安装最新版本吗？

任何帮助将不胜感激。提前致谢！！

编辑：尝试按照 Roman Raguet 的建议进行安装

1. 第一步执行没有任何错误并成功安装了列出的软件包。

2. 执行第二步时：sudo apt-get build-dep nautilus出现以下错误：

   E: Unable to find a source package for nautilus
   

   所以想跳过这个并继续下一步。

3. 第三步也成功执行并下载并安装了周围40 to 50 Mb的软件包。

4. 跳过了第 4步，认为它没有那么重要（如果垃圾图标没有出现，那就好）。

5. 完成第5，第6和第7步，到达第8步。

6. 当编译使用./configure得到错误如下所示：

   saurav@saurav-P4I45Gx-PE:~/Downloads/src/nautilus-3.6.3$ ./configure
   checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
   checking whether build environment is sane... yes
   checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
   checking for gawk... gawk
   checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
   checking how to create a ustar tar archive... gnutar
   checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
   checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... yes
   checking for style of include used by make... GNU
   checking for gcc... gcc
   checking whether the C compiler works... yes
   checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
   checking for suffix of executables... 
   checking whether we are cross compiling... no
   checking for suffix of object files... o
   checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
   checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
   checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
   checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
   checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
   checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
   checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
   checking for ANSI C header files... yes
   checking for sys/types.h... yes
   checking for sys/stat.h... yes
   checking for stdlib.h... yes
   checking for string.h... yes
   checking for memory.h... yes
   checking for strings.h... yes
   checking for inttypes.h... yes
   checking for stdint.h... yes
   checking for unistd.h... yes
   checking whether byte ordering is bigendian... no
   checking for an ANSI C-conforming const... yes
   checking for gcc... (cached) gcc
   checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... (cached) yes
   checking whether gcc accepts -g... (cached) yes
   checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... (cached) none needed
   checking dependency style of gcc... (cached) gcc3
   checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
   checking whether ln -s works... yes
   checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... (cached) yes
   checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
   checking host system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
   checking how to print strings... printf
   checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed
   checking for fgrep... /bin/grep -F
   checking for ld used by gcc... /usr/bin/ld
   checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes
   checking for BSD- or MS-compatible name lister (nm)... /usr/bin/nm -B
   checking the name lister (/usr/bin/nm -B) interface... BSD nm
   checking the maximum length of command line arguments... 1572864
   checking whether the shell understands some XSI constructs... yes
   checking whether the shell understands "+="... yes
   checking how to convert i686-pc-linux-gnu file names to i686-pc-linux-gnu format... func_convert_file_noop
   checking how to convert i686-pc-linux-gnu file names to toolchain format... func_convert_file_noop
   checking for /usr/bin/ld option to reload object files... -r
   checking for objdump... objdump
   checking how to recognize dependent libraries... pass_all
   checking for dlltool... dlltool
   checking how to associate runtime and link libraries... printf %s\n
   checking for ar... ar
   checking for archiver @FILE support... @
   checking for strip... strip
   checking for ranlib... ranlib
   checking command to parse /usr/bin/nm -B output from gcc object... ok
   checking for sysroot... no
   checking for mt... mt
   checking if mt is a manifest tool... no
   checking for dlfcn.h... yes
   checking for objdir... .libs
   checking if gcc supports -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions... no
   checking for gcc option to produce PIC... -fPIC -DPIC
   checking if gcc PIC flag -fPIC -DPIC works... yes
   checking if gcc static flag -static works... yes
   checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... yes
   checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... (cached) yes
   checking whether the gcc linker (/usr/bin/ld) supports shared libraries... yes
   checking whether -lc should be explicitly linked in... no
   checking dynamic linker characteristics... GNU/Linux ld.so
   checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate
   checking whether stripping libraries is possible... yes
   checking if libtool supports shared libraries... yes
   checking whether to build shared libraries... yes
   checking whether to build static libraries... no
   checking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-config
   checking for floor in -lm... yes
   checking locale.h usability... yes
   checking locale.h presence... yes
   checking for locale.h... yes
   checking for LC_MESSAGES... yes
   checking libintl.h usability... yes
   checking libintl.h presence... yes
   checking for libintl.h... yes
   checking for ngettext in libc... yes
   checking for dgettext in libc... yes
   checking for bind_textdomain_codeset... yes
   checking for msgfmt... /usr/bin/msgfmt
   checking for dcgettext... yes
   checking if msgfmt accepts -c... yes
   checking for gmsgfmt... /usr/bin/msgfmt
   checking for xgettext... /usr/bin/xgettext
   checking pkg-config is at least version 0.16... yes
   checking whether NLS is requested... yes
   checking for intltool >= 0.40.1... 0.50.2 found
   checking for intltool-update... /usr/bin/intltool-update
   checking for intltool-merge... /usr/bin/intltool-merge
   checking for intltool-extract... /usr/bin/intltool-extract
   checking for xgettext... (cached) /usr/bin/xgettext
   checking for msgmerge... /usr/bin/msgmerge
   checking for msgfmt... (cached) /usr/bin/msgfmt
   checking for gmsgfmt... (cached) /usr/bin/msgfmt
   checking for perl... /usr/bin/perl
   checking for perl >= 5.8.1... 5.14.2
   checking for XML::Parser... ok
   checking for gtkdoc-check... no
   checking for gtkdoc-rebase... no
   checking for gtkdoc-mkpdf... no
   checking whether to build gtk-doc documentation... no
   checking for perl5... no
   checking for perl... perl
   checking for glib-genmarshal... /usr/bin/glib-genmarshal
   checking sys/mount.h usability... yes
   checking sys/mount.h presence... yes
   checking for sys/mount.h... yes
   checking sys/vfs.h usability... yes
   checking sys/vfs.h presence... yes
   checking for sys/vfs.h... yes
   checking sys/param.h usability... yes
   checking sys/param.h presence... yes
   checking for sys/param.h... yes
   checking malloc.h usability... yes
   checking malloc.h presence... yes
   checking for malloc.h... yes
   checking for mallopt... yes
   checking for EXIF... yes
   checking for EXEMPI... yes
   checking for is_selinux_enabled in -lselinux... no
   checking for more warnings... no
   checking for TRACKER... yes
   checking for BASE... no
   configure: error: Package requirements (
       gtk+-3.0 >= 3.5.12
       glib-2.0 >= 2.33.13
   ) were not met:
   
   No package 'gtk+-3.0' found
   
   Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
   installed software in a non-standard prefix.
   
   Alternatively, you may set the environment variables BASE_CFLAGS
   and BASE_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
   See the pkg-config man page for more details.
   

Answer 1

您可以尝试从ricotz/testing ppa升级几个重要的包（gtk、glib 等），然后从源代码编译Nautilus 3.6。

注意：由于您要升级系统的几个重要软件包，我强烈建议在虚拟机或测试机中执行此操作，仅用于测试目的，以确保一切正常。

确保您已启用“源代码存储库”

在菜单栏中选择Edit -> Software Sources。单击以启用“源代码存储库”。以防万一我使用“主服务器”下载。

然后..

• sudo apt-get update

1)打开终端并安装以下软件包。

• sudo apt-get install build-essential libtracker-sparql-0.14-dev wget

2)安装构建依赖项。

• sudo apt-get build-dep nautilus

3）添加ricotz ppa并升级系统。

• sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ricotz/testing

• sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

• sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

4) nautilus-places 中的垃圾箱图标。

Nautilus 3.6.3 使用以下图标作为垃圾桶(user-trash-full-symbolic.svg)，在 Ubuntu 12.04 中默认不存在。
您可以从 Ubuntu 13.04 中获取图标并将其放在/usr/share/icons/gnome/scalable/status/目录中。

为避免这种情况：

在终端中拥有正确的图标类型后。

• sudo mv /path/to/trash/image/user-trash-full-symbolic.svg /usr/share/icons/gnome/scalable/status/
• sudo chmod 644 /usr/share/icons/gnome/scalable/status/user-trash-full-symbolic.svg
• sudo gtk-update-icon-cache /usr/share/icons/gnome/

看起来像这样：

5)创建一个文件夹来下载源代码。

• mkdir ~/Downloads/src

• cd ~/Downloads/src

6)从Launchpad下载 nautilus 3.6.3（稀有）源代码。

• wget https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/raring/+source/nautilus/1:3.6.3-0ubuntu16/+files/nautilus_3.6.3.orig.tar.xz

7)提取源代码。

• tar -xvf nautilus_3.6.3.orig.tar.xz

8)编译和安装的基本步骤。（您可以根据需要更改步骤，添加前缀等）。

• cd nautilus-3.6.3/

• ./configure

• make

• sudo make install

9)杀死鹦鹉螺。

• pkill nautilus

10）以防万一......设置默认首选项，如显示桌面图标，桌面不显示垃圾图标等。

• gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.desktop trash-icon-visible false

• gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.desktop home-icon-visible false

• gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons true

11)最后重新启动系统以查看更改。

结果：

希望这可以帮助。