无法修复损坏的软件包系统

Question

在我（痛苦地）设法在我的 Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 上安装了 Skype 之后，我几个月前就遇到了一个我无法修复的软件包问题。

查看我的上一篇文章以了解导致此问题的原因：在 Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 64 位上安装 Skype

如果我尝试安装系统更新，更新管理器会意外关闭，指出软件包系统已损坏并引发以下错误：

The following packages have unmet dependencies:

grub-efi-amd64: Depends: grub2-common (= 1.99-21ubuntu3.9) but 1.99-21ubuntu3.10 is installed
                Depends: grub-efi-amd64-bin (= 1.99-21ubuntu3.9) but 1.99-21ubuntu3.10 is installed

如果我运行sudo apt-get -f install是为了修复潜在的包问题，我会得到以下信息：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  linux-image-3.5.0-26-generic linux-headers-3.5.0-26
  linux-headers-3.5.0-26-generic
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
  grub-efi-amd64
The following packages will be upgraded:
  grub-efi-amd64
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 28 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 39.5 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main grub-efi-amd64 amd64 1.99-21ubuntu3.10 [39.5 kB]
Fetched 39.5 kB in 0s (154 kB/s)        
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of grub-efi-amd64:
 grub-efi-amd64 depends on grub2-common (= 1.99-21ubuntu3.9); however:
  Version of grub2-common on system is 1.99-21ubuntu3.10.
 grub-efi-amd64 depends on grub-efi-amd64-bin (= 1.99-21ubuntu3.9); however:
  Version of grub-efi-amd64-bin on system is 1.99-21ubuntu3.10.
dpkg: error processing grub-efi-amd64 (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of grub-efi-amd64-signed:
 grub-efi-amd64-signed depends on grub-efi-amd64 (>= 1.99-21ubuntu3.5); however:
  Package grub-efi-amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing grub-efi-amd64-signed (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfiguredNo apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                                                     No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.

Errors were encountered while processing:
 grub-efi-amd64
 grub-efi-amd64-signed
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

如果我跑sudo dpkg --configure -a我得到：

dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of grub-efi-amd64:
 grub-efi-amd64 depends on grub2-common (= 1.99-21ubuntu3.9); however:
  Version of grub2-common on system is 1.99-21ubuntu3.10.
 grub-efi-amd64 depends on grub-efi-amd64-bin (= 1.99-21ubuntu3.9); however:
  Version of grub-efi-amd64-bin on system is 1.99-21ubuntu3.10.
dpkg: error processing grub-efi-amd64 (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of grub-efi-amd64-signed:
 grub-efi-amd64-signed depends on grub-efi-amd64 (>= 1.99-21ubuntu3.5); however:
  Package grub-efi-amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing grub-efi-amd64-signed (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
 grub-efi-amd64
 grub-efi-amd64-signed

我的理解是根本原因是包grub-efi-amd64和 的未满足依赖项grub-efi-amd64-signed，因此我尝试了此处描述的内容如何在添加 PPA 后解决未满足的依赖项？但问题仍然存在。

我不确定删除有冲突的软件包是否会解决这个问题，但我还没有这样做，因为我担心我会破坏我的系统，因为它有 EFI 引导并且我正在使用 GRUB 引导它。出于同样的原因，我没有尝试运行sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade，因为可能会自动删除冲突的包。

我想知道其他人是否有类似的经历以及可能的解决方案。

正如附加信息，这是输出gedit /etc/apt/sources.list：

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20130213)]/ dists/precise/main/binary-i386/

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20130213)]/ dists/precise/restricted/binary-i386/
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20130213)]/ precise main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner

## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
# deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
# deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ precise partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ precise partner

和gedit /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*（不同的文件）：

deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/cassou/emacs/ubuntu precise main

### THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURED ###
# You may comment out this entry, but any other modifications may be lost.
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main

### THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURED ###
# You may comment out this entry, but any other modifications may be lost.
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/guilhem-fr/swftools/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/guilhem-fr/swftools/ubuntu precise main

deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/rabbitvcs/ppa/ubuntu precise main

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/yannubuntu/boot-repair/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/yannubuntu/boot-repair/ubuntu precise main

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/yannubuntu/boot-repair/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/yannubuntu/boot-repair/ubuntu precise main

Answer 1

我最终通过使用 Synaptic 删除有问题的包 grub-efi-amd64 和 grub-efi-amd64-signed 解决了我的问题。

之后，我安装并应用了所有挂起的系统更新，这些更新似乎再次安装了上述软件包。

完成所有更新过程后，我重新启动了系统，现在一切正常。