运行 apt-get update 时会出现“无法获取”错误。我该如何解决？

Question

与上面的注释相反，我还没有找到我的问题的答案。

我已经阅读了近十二个 apt-get 更新问题，其中大部分来自 askubuntu.com，其中包含“无法获取”错误，并尝试了在那里回答的解决方案。不幸的是，没有一个奏效。我最近在笔记本电脑上安装了 Ubuntu 12.04，与 Windows 7 一起双启动。当我尝试时

sudo apt-get update

在终端上，以下不断发生：

Err http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com precise InRelease
Err http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates InRelease                     
Err http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports InRelease                   
Err http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg                           
  Unable to connect to ph.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.177 80]
Err http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release.gpg            
  Unable to connect to ph.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.177 80]
Err http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release.gpg          
  Unable to connect to ph.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.177 80]
Err http://extras.ubuntu.com precise InRelease                          
Err http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg                        
  Unable to connect to extras.ubuntu.com:http:
Err http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security InRelease
Err http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security Release.gpg
  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]
Reading package lists... Done
W: Failed to fetch http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease  
W: Failed to fetch http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-updates/InRelease  
W: Failed to fetch http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/InRelease  
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/InRelease  
W: Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease  
W: Failed to fetch http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg      Unable to connect to ph.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.177 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-updates/Release.gpg  Unable to connect to ph.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.177 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/Release.gpg  Unable to connect to ph.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.177 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release.gpg  Unable to connect to extras.ubuntu.com:http:
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/Release.gpg  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

注意：

这在我安装 Ubuntu 12.04 后立即发生。我对 Linux/Ubuntu 世界很陌生，而且在涉及这些东西时是个菜鸟。

更新管理器（和软件中心）设置中的源列表很短。它只包含 2 行带有“Canonical”的行，2 行带有“Independent”的行，以及 2 行其他行。我认为这个列表很短，因为它是一个新安装的 Ubuntu。

互联网连接似乎很好，我的朋友的笔记本电脑刚安装了 Ubuntu 12.04，与我的几乎同时安装，他的更新似乎没有问题。我们共享相同的连接，所以我认为互联网连接问题不可能是错误的原因。

尝试的解决方案：

从这里开始，我四处探索/etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d并添加/etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head了以下内容：

nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

错误仍然发生。

从这里和这里，我反复更改要在更新管理器和软件源设置中使用的镜像服务器。同样，错误仍然发生。

我还尝试编辑我的来源列表，取消选中带有“独立”的行（如建议的那样）。根据here，我尝试删除derb-src源列表中的行。尽管如此，还是无济于事。

最后，该站点建议运行以下命令：

echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" | sudo tee /etc/resolv.conf > /dev/null
or, for a permanent solution,
echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" | sudo tee /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base > /dev/null

可悲的是，没有什么对我有用。在我去过的所有论坛中，与 相关的答案nameserver 8.8.8.8似乎最常出现。另请注意，我真的不了解解决方案，它们的含义或它们是如何完成的。我只是跟着他们。

这是输出cat /etc/apt/sources.list：

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20120425)]/ dists/precise/main/binary-i386/

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20120425)]/ dists/precise/restricted/binary-i386/
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20120425)]/ precise main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner

## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main

以下是针对cat /etc/resolv.conf：

# Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)
#     DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN
nameserver 127.0.0.1
search nip.upd.edu.ph

有人指出答案就在这里，但不幸的是，这也不起作用。我尝试选择不同的服务器，但“选择服务器”从未可用。搜索最佳服务器产生了“没有合适的服务器”结果。我认为镜像服务器很好，而且互联网连接似乎没有问题。

使用ping -c3 archive.ubuntu.com和ping -c3 8.8.8.8 都产生了0% packet loss. 8.8.8.8 的 ping 有时会产生，33% packet loss但大多为 0%。

打字nslookup google.com收益

Server:     127.0.0.1
Address:    127.0.0.1#53

的输出ps aux | grep dns：

nobody    1761  0.0  0.0  33012  1284 ?        S    17:04   0:00 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq
 --no-resolv --keep-in-foreground --no-hosts --bind-interfaces --pid-file=/var
/run/sendsigs.omit.d/network-manager.dnsmasq.pid --listen-address=127.0.0.1 --conf-
file=/var/run/nm-dns-dnsmasq.conf --cache-size=0 --proxy-dnssec
joa       2197  0.0  0.0  13576   928 pts/0    S+   17:10   0:00 grep --color=auto dns

Answer 1

我遇到了同样的问题，并认为最简单的解决方案是重置/etc/apt/sources.list. 为此，请按照下列步骤操作：

1. 获取您的 Ubuntu 版本的发行版，在控制台中输入：

   lsb_release -r
   

2. 去http://repogen.simplylinux.ch/生成一个新的sources.list

3. 选择您所在的国家/地区并发布

4. 选中前 12 个框：

   

5. 生成并复制您的新列表

6. 将旧文件备份到sources.list.old

   mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.old
   

7. 您现在可以通过执行以下操作打开 vi 以保存新列表：

   vi /etc/apt/sources.list
   (Paste and save using `:wq`)
   

   或者通过将“curl”命令（包括更新的源列表的唯一 URI）复制并粘贴到您的终端中，因为它显示在 repogen 输出页面上的“源列表”下。

8. G2G，重试运行 apt-get update

Answer 2

编辑/etc/resolv.conf。在终端窗口中运行

sudo gedit /etc/resolv.conf

并添加行

nameserver 8.8.8.8

并保存。然后做

ping www.google.com

如果成功，则运行以下命令

sudo apt-get --download-only --reinstall install resolvconf
sudo dpkg --purge --force-depends resolvconf
sudo apt-get install resolvconf

如果现在解析失败，则右键单击桌面顶部栏中的网络指示器，单击Edit Connections，选择您的连接，单击Edit| IPv4 Settings. 将方法从 更改Automatic (DHCP)为Automatic (DHCP) addresses only并8.8.8.8在该Additional DNS servers字段中输入。单击Save...。验证/etc/resolv.conf现在包含一行nameserver 8.8.8.8并且您仍然可以ping www.google.com。

Answer 3

sudo apt-get update终于工作了！我刚刚意识到问题不在于系统，而在于系统如何从互联网连接和检索数据。我刚刚配置我的网络设置，改变了代理检测到Manual并填充在HTTP，HTTPS，FTP，和Socks Host空白的代理，我使用。当我再次更新时，这个错误输出首先发生：

E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (11 Resource temporarily unavailable)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/)

好吧，不完全一样，但与之相似（我从这里复制了上面的内容）。但是当我再次尝试更新时，它终于奏效了（我在上面发布错误输出而不是我看到的确切输出的原因），我现在可以选择不同的镜像服务器。如果网络代理配置真的是我陷入困境的原因，那么，我对这种基本错误感到有点愚蠢。

不管怎样，谢谢大家的帮助！:)