如何在 Ubuntu 中使用 Python3.3 创建一个 virtualenv？

Question

我正在运行 Precise Pangolin amd64。我从 ppa:fkrull/deadsnakes 安装了 Python 3.3。

现在我想在 virtualenv 中实际使用这个新的 Python 版本。但是我该怎么做呢？我收到以下错误：

$ virtualenv --no-site-packages --distribute -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python3.3
The --no-site-packages flag is deprecated; it is now the default behavior.
New python executable in /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python3.3
Also creating executable in /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/site.py", line 73, in <module>
    __boot()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/site.py", line 2, in __boot
    import sys, imp, os, os.path   
ImportError: No module named 'imp'
ERROR: The executable /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python3.3 is not functioning
ERROR: It thinks sys.prefix is '/home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs' (should be '/home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3')
ERROR: virtualenv is not compatible with this system or executable

相反，如果我明确使用python3.3调用 virtualenv，则会收到此错误：

$ python3.3 /usr/bin/virtualenv --no-site-packages --distribute -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/virtualenv", line 2, in <module>
    import virtualenv
ImportError: No module named 'virtualenv'

我被困住了。任何帮助是极大的赞赏！

编辑：按照@thefourtheye 的建议，我清除了本地site-packages目录（实际上只删除了site.py）。现在我更进一步，但virtualenv抱怨缺少easy_install：

 Error [Errno 2] No such file or directory:   
'/home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/easy_install' while executing command    
/home2/USERNAME/.virt...rk3/bin/easy_install /usr/share/python-virtualenv/pip-1.1.tar.gz

我确实安装了 package python3-setuptools，它安装了 easy_install 的 Py3 版本。

编辑2：

这是详细输出，没有明确传递--distributeand --no-site-packages，因为这两个开关是我的virtualenv 的默认行为：

$ virtualenv --verbose -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python3.3
Creating /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3
Symlinking Python bootstrap modules
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/config-3.3m
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/lib-dynload
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/os.py
  Ignoring built-in bootstrap module: posix
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/posixpath.py
  Cannot import bootstrap module: nt
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/ntpath.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/genericpath.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/fnmatch.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/locale.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/encodings
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/codecs.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/stat.py
  Cannot import bootstrap module: UserDict
  Cannot import bootstrap module: copy_reg
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/types.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/re.py
  Cannot import bootstrap module: sre
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/sre_parse.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/sre_constants.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/sre_compile.py
  Ignoring built-in bootstrap module: zlib
  Cannot import bootstrap module: _abcoll
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/warnings.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/linecache.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/abc.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/io.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/_weakrefset.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/copyreg.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/tempfile.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/random.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/__future__.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/collections
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/keyword.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/tarfile.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/shutil.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/struct.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/copy.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/base64.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/bisect.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/_dummy_thread.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/hashlib.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/heapq.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/hmac.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/reprlib.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/rlcompleter.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/weakref.py
Creating /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/site-packages
Writing /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/site.py
Writing /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/orig-prefix.txt
Writing /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/no-global-site-packages.txt
Creating parent directories for /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/include
Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/include/python3.3m
Creating /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin
New python executable in /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python3.3
Changed mode of /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python3.3 to 0o755
Also creating executable in /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python
Changed mode of /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python to 0o755
Testing executable with /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python3.3 -c "
import sys
prefix = sys.prefix
if sys.version_info[0] == 3:
    prefix = prefix.encode('utf8')
if hasattr(sys.stdout, 'detach'):
    sys.stdout = sys.stdout.detach()
elif hasattr(sys.stdout, 'buffer'):
    sys.stdout = sys.stdout.buffer
sys.stdout.write(prefix)
"
Got sys.prefix result: '/home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3'
Creating /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/distutils
Writing /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/distutils/__init__.py
Writing /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/distutils/distutils.cfg
Using existing distribute egg: /usr/share/python-virtualenv/distribute-0.6.24.tar.gz
Installing distribute..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................done.
Installing existing pip-1.1.tar.gz distribution: /usr/share/python-virtualenv/pip-1.1.tar.gz
Installing pip...
  Error [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/easy_install' while executing command /home2/USERNAME/.virt...rk3/bin/easy_install /usr/share/python-virtualenv/pip-1.1.tar.gz
...Installing pip...done.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 2283, in <module>
    main()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 938, in main
    never_download=options.never_download)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 1054, in create_environment
    install_pip(py_executable, search_dirs=search_dirs, never_download=never_download)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 643, in install_pip
    filter_stdout=_filter_setup)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 976, in call_subprocess
    cwd=cwd, env=env)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.3/subprocess.py", line 818, in __init__
    restore_signals, start_new_session)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.3/subprocess.py", line 1416, in _execute_child
    raise child_exception_type(errno_num, err_msg)
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/easy_install'

Answer 1

Python 3.3 内置了 venv。

http://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html#module-venv

只需运行

pyvenv-3.3 /path/to/environment

然后激活它

source /path/to/environment/bin/activate

这个内置版本的 virtualenv 比您可能习惯的要灵活得多。例如，您可以扩展 EnvBuilder 来做您想做的任何事情。您可以从下面的链接复制 EnvBuilder 的示例实现并使用它：http ://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html#an-example-of-extending-envbuilder

上面的脚本可能完成了我们期望从 virtualenv 中获得的大部分内容。所以如果你只需要一个带有 easy_install 和 pip 的 virtualenv，你应该很高兴。

如果您仍然感到困惑，请参阅下面的@MarkOfSine编辑以了解如何开始运行。

添加到上面，并根据文档：
例如，在执行后：pyvenv-3.3 /path/to/my_project/venv
您可以运行distribute_setup.py，这似乎可以做各种事情，但实际上您最终会easy_install在您的./my_project/venv/bin目录中。
这然后可以用于安装pip等。

它没有说明您应该distribute_setup.py从哪里获取，所以我从以下位置下载：

http://python-distribute.org/distribute_setup.py

并使用激活的环境：

cd /path/to/my_project
source venv/bin/activate

跑：

python distribute_setup.py

和

easy_install pip

然后在 python 2.x 上完成了与 virtualenv 更内联的虚拟环境的设置

Answer 2

它比看起来更容易：

virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 yourenv
source yourenv/bin/activate
pip install package-name

真的有效:)

Answer 3

1. 备份站点包。

   cp -r /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ /tmp/site-packages

2. 截断该目录

   rm -rf /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/

3. 现在尝试相同

   virtualenv --no-site-packages --distribute -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3

4. 不用pip安装

   virtualenv --no-site-packages --distribute -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3 --no-pip

编辑：看起来 virtualenv (1.7.1.2) 和 python3.3 的版本不兼容。所以，请试试这个

1. 使用卸载 python-virtualenv sudo apt-get remove python-virtualenv

2. wget http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py; sudo python ez_setup.py 这将安装最新的easy_install。

3. sudo easy_install pip

4. sudo pip install virtualenv

5. virtualenv --no-site-packages --distribute -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3

Answer 4

你这样做太复杂了。如果它包含在 中python3，只需使用以下命令创建它：

python3 -m venv

如果您愿意，您甚至可以创建别名

alias virtualenv3='python3 -m venv'

根据机器，您可能需要指定解释器：

alias virtualenv3='python3 -m venv -p python3'