如何重新安装mysql？

Question

软件升级失败了，除此之外，mysql 和我还无法将其恢复。

疑似原因：我有一个接近满的启动盘；升级在完成之前填满了磁盘，从而使一切变得一团糟。我给了系统更多的磁盘并将 /var 移动到它自己的分区。我仍然没有成功地尝试恢复 mysql。

以下是我到目前为止所尝试的（全部以 root 身份）。首先，mysql没有启动（443）。尝试修复 (444, 445) 失败。尝试删除 mysql 和 (?) apparmor 失败 (446, 7, 8)。更积极的删除 mysql 的尝试似乎成功了 (449)，并且不再看到之前的错误 (450, 1, 2)。Mysql 无法重新配置，因为它不再存在（453），但尝试重新安装它会返回旧的错误消息，我们又回到了第一个（454）。

我还检查了这个问题（即使在我的情况下它没有因为升级到 12.04 而中断：它已经在 12.10 上运行） 在升级到 12.04 后修复损坏的 myslq-server 包 并尝试了那里的建议（458、461、 462) 无济于事。

我还应该做什么？

这是在 3.5.0-25-generic #39-Ubuntu SMP Mon Feb 25 18:26:58 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

    443  service mysql start
         start: Job failed to start

    444  dpkg-reconfigure mysql-server-5.5
         /usr/sbin/dpkg-reconfigure: mysql-server-5.5
         is broken or not fully installed

    445  apt-get -f install
         ...
         Setting up mysql-server-5.5 (5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.10.1) ...
         start: Job failed to start
         invoke-rc.d: initscript mysql, action "start" failed.
         dpkg: error processing mysql-server-5.5 (--configure):
         subprocess installed post-installation script
         returned error exit status 1
         dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of
         mysql-server:
         mysql-server depends on mysql-server-5.5; however:
         Package mysql-server-5.5 is not configured yet.
         dpkg: error processing mysql-server (--configure):
         dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
         No apport report written because the error message
         indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
         Errors were encountered while processing:
           mysql-server-5.5
           mysql-server
         E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

    446  apt-get remove mysql-server
         ...
         Removing mysql-server ...
         Setting up mysql-server-5.5 (5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.10.1) ...
         start: Job failed to start
         invoke-rc.d: initscript mysql, action "start" failed.
         dpkg: error processing mysql-server-5.5 (--configure):
         subprocess installed post-installation script
         returned error exit status 1
         No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
         Errors were encountered while processing:
           mysql-server-5.5
         E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)


    447  apt-get remove apparmor
         ...
         Package 'apparmor' is not installed, so not removed
         0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
         1 not fully installed or removed.
         After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. 
         Setting up mysql-server-5.5 (5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.10.1) ...
         start: Job failed to start
         invoke-rc.d: initscript mysql, action "start" failed.
         dpkg: error processing mysql-server-5.5 (--configure):
         subprocess installed post-installation script
         returned error exit status 1
         Errors were encountered while processing:
           mysql-server-5.5
         E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)


    448  apt-get remove mysql-server
         Reading package lists... Done
         Building dependency tree       
         Reading state information... Done
         Package 'mysql-server' is not installed, so not removed
         0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
         1 not fully installed or removed.
         After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
         Setting up mysql-server-5.5 (5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.10.1) ...
         start: Job failed to start
         invoke-rc.d: initscript mysql, action "start" failed.
         dpkg: error processing mysql-server-5.5 (--configure):
         subprocess installed post-installation script
         returned error exit status 1
         Errors were encountered while processing:
           mysql-server-5.5
         E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

    449  dpkg -r mysql-server-5.5
         (Reading database ... 322156 files and directories
         currently installed.)
         Removing mysql-server-5.5 ...
         Processing triggers for man-db ...
         Processing triggers for ureadahead ...

    450  apt-get remove mysql-server
         Reading package lists... Done
         Building dependency tree        
         Reading state information... Done
         Package 'mysql-server' is not installed, so not removed
         0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

    451  apt-get remove apparmor
         Reading package lists... Done
         Building dependency tree       
         Reading state information... Done
         Package 'apparmor' is not installed, so not removed
         0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

    452  apt-get -f install
         Reading package lists... Done
         Building dependency tree       
         Reading state information... Done
         0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

    453  dpkg-reconfigure mysql-server-5.5
         /usr/sbin/dpkg-reconfigure: mysql-server-5.5 is broken
         or not fully installed

    454  apt-get install mysql-server
         Reading package lists... Done
         Building dependency tree       
         Reading state information... Done
         The following extra packages will be installed:
           mysql-server-5.5
         Suggested packages:
           tinyca mailx
         The following NEW packages will be installed:
           mysql-server mysql-server-5.5
         0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
         Need to get 0 B/8,851 kB of archives.
         After this operation, 32.8 MB of additional disk space
         will be used.
         Do you want to continue [Y/n]? 
         Preconfiguring packages ...
         Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-5.5.
         (Reading database ... 322081 files and directories
         currently installed.)
         Unpacking mysql-server-5.5 (from 
         .../mysql-server-5.5_5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.10.1_amd64.deb) ...
         Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server.
         Unpacking mysql-server (from 
         .../mysql-server_5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.10.1_all.deb) ...
         Processing triggers for ureadahead ...
         Processing triggers for man-db ...
         Setting up mysql-server-5.5 (5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.10.1) ...
         start: Job failed to start
         invoke-rc.d: initscript mysql, action "start" failed.
         dpkg: error processing mysql-server-5.5 (--configure):
         subprocess installed post-installation script
         returned error exit status 1
         dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-server:
           mysql-server depends on mysql-server-5.5; however:
         Package mysql-server-5.5 is not configured yet.
         dpkg: error processing mysql-server (--configure):
         dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
         No apport report written because the error message
         indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
         Errors were encountered while processing:
           mysql-server-5.5
           mysql-server
         E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)


    458  apt-get remove --purge mysql-server
         Reading package lists... Done
         Building dependency tree       
         Reading state information... Done
         The following packages will be REMOVED:
           mysql-server*
         0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
         2 not fully installed or removed.
         After this operation, 116 kB disk space will be freed.
         Do you want to continue [Y/n]? 
         (Reading database ... 322159 files and directories
         currently installed.)
         Removing mysql-server ...
         Setting up mysql-server-5.5 (5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.10.1) ...
         start: Job failed to start
         invoke-rc.d: initscript mysql, action "start" failed.
         dpkg: error processing mysql-server-5.5 (--configure):
         subprocess installed post-installation script
         returned error exit status 1
         Errors were encountered while processing:
           mysql-server-5.5
         E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

    461  touch /etc/apparmor.d/local/usr.sbin.mysqld
         (no output)

    462  service mysql start
         start: Job failed to start

Answer 1

首先，删除 MySQL：

sudo apt purge mysql-server mysql-client mysql-common
sudo apt autoremove
sudo mv -iv /var/lib/mysql /var/tmp/mysql-backup
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mysql*

然后重新安装：

sudo apt update
sudo apt install mysql-server
mysqld --initialize
sudo /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

Answer 2

在 Ubuntu 16.04 中，在我的情况下修复它的方法是（请先备份数据库，数据库将丢失）：

sudo apt remove --purge mysql-server mysql-client mysql-common
sudo apt autoremove
sudo mv -iv /var/lib/mysql /var/tmp/mysql-backup
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mysql*
sudo apt install mysql-server

（不知何故，我之前的调用apt purge mysql-server似乎没有成功。我认为这apt purge foo相当于apt remove --purge foo......）

Answer 3

我遇到了完全相同的错误并尝试了您所做的大部分步骤，结果相同。以下最终对我有用。

apt-get purge mysql-server mysql-client mysql-common mysql-client-5.5 mysql-server-5.5

之后，mysql安装正常。