如何解决 dpkg 依赖？

Question

administrator@zlounes:~$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 linux-server : Depends: linux-headers-server (= 3.2.0.37.44) but 3.2.0.37.45 is installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.
administrator@zlounes:~$ sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  linux-image-server linux-server
The following packages will be upgraded:
  linux-image-server linux-server
2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded.
4 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/4,458 B of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/apt-listchanges", line 237, in <module>
    main()
  File "/usr/bin/apt-listchanges", line 48, in main
    debs = apt_listchanges.read_apt_pipeline(config)
  File "/usr/share/apt-listchanges/apt_listchanges.py", line 83, in read_apt_pipeline
    return map(lambda pkg: filenames[pkg], order)
  File "/usr/share/apt-listchanges/apt_listchanges.py", line 83, in <lambda>
    return map(lambda pkg: filenames[pkg], order)
KeyError: 'linux-image-server'
Setting up initramfs-tools (0.99ubuntu13.1) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic (3.2.0-37.58) ...
Running depmod.
update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
The link /initrd.img is a dangling linkto /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-37-generic
Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-37-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-37-generic

gzip: stdout: No space left on device
E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1
update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-37-generic with 1.
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1
Failed to process /etc/kernel/postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic.postinst line 1010.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-server:
 linux-image-server depends on linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic; however:
  Package linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-server (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-server:
 linux-server depends on linux-image-server (= 3.2.0.37.44); however:
  Package linux-image-server is not configured yet.
 linux-server depends on linux-headers-server (= 3.2.0.37.44); however:
  Version of linux-headers-server on system is 3.2.0.37.45.
dpkg: error processing linux-server (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-36-generic
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                                                                                          No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.

gzip: stdout: No space left on device
E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1
update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-36-generic with 1.
dpkg: error processing initramfs-tools (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic
 linux-image-server
 linux-server
 initramfs-tools
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

我已经尝试了很多，但无法正常工作。我想我中断了安装，它只是把它搞砸了。我用谷歌搜索并尝试了各种修复。

编辑（清理我的 /boot 文件夹后）：

administrator@zlounes:/boot$ sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  linux-server
The following packages will be upgraded:
  linux-server
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/1,734 B of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/apt-listchanges", line 237, in <module>
    main()
  File "/usr/bin/apt-listchanges", line 48, in main
    debs = apt_listchanges.read_apt_pipeline(config)
  File "/usr/share/apt-listchanges/apt_listchanges.py", line 83, in read_apt_pipeline
    return map(lambda pkg: filenames[pkg], order)
  File "/usr/share/apt-listchanges/apt_listchanges.py", line 83, in <lambda>
    return map(lambda pkg: filenames[pkg], order)
KeyError: 'linux-server'
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-server:
 linux-server depends on linux-image-server (= 3.2.0.37.44); however:
  Version of linux-image-server on system is 3.2.0.37.45.
 linux-server depends on linux-headers-server (= 3.2.0.37.44); however:
  Version of linux-headers-server on system is 3.2.0.37.45.
dpkg: error processing linux-server (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                                                                                          E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
administrator@zlounes:/boot$

Answer 1

确保您的系统处于良好状态并且没有中止安装问题的一个很好的尝试是调用

  dpkg --configure -a 

确保包列表已更新并且没有问题显示在：

 apt-get update

您可以选择在更新前删除所有旧数据：

 find /var/lib/apt/lists -type f  |xargs rm -f >/dev/null \

解决问题的下一步是删除linux-server包一段时间。之所以可以这样做，是因为它没有真正的内容，只引入了一个依赖项：

该软件包将始终依赖于可用于服务器设备的最新完整 Linux 内核。

 dpkg --remove linux-server

在此步骤之后，检查是否安装了所有当前的依赖项：

apt-get install -f

如果一切正常，您现在可以再次安装linux-server：

apt-get install linux-server

后记

linux-server在12.04 中已弃用。对于服务器设备，也使用通用内核。看apt-cache show linux-image-server

包：linux-image-server...

部分：元包

....

取决于： linux-image-3.2.0-23- generic， linux-firmware

Answer 2

我经常不得不清理我的机器的 /boot 并且通常太满会破坏更新 - 不确定最终的解决方案是什么，但我使用的过程似乎有效：

从一个开始 sudo su

然后去 /boot 并做一个ls -lSrh- 底部的那些是最大的 -rm足够旧的来清理足够的空间。

然后尝试以下操作（部分摘自上文）：

1. sudo apt-get remove linux-server
2. dpkg --configure -a
3. apt-get update
4. apt-get install -f
5. apt-get autoremove
6. dpkg --get-selections|grep 'linux-image*'|awk '{print $1}'|egrep -v "linux-image-$(uname -r)|linux-image-generic" |while read n;done
7. apt-get install linux-image-server linux-server
8. reboot

如果有任何失败，请在此处发表评论，我会看看可能是什么问题。

在使用 pitti PPA 时，我已经看到这种事情对 postgresql-9.1 包问题有效。

有一次，当我运行该程序时，我遇到了 grub 的问题。做一个apt-get install --reinstall grub固定的。

感谢您的一个班轮去：http : //ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=12180959&postcount=7

祝你好运！