为什么 USB 3.0 外置硬盘不能以 USB 3.0 的速度运行?

jgo*_*ula 16 usb kernel

我最近购买了一个 PCI Express x1 USB 3.0 控制器卡(包含 NEC USB 3.0 控制器),打算在我的 Linux 机器上使用 USB 3.0 外置硬盘驱动器。我将卡安装在主板上一个空的 PCIe 插槽中,将卡连接到电源线,在其中一个新端口和我的外部硬盘驱动器之间串起 USB 3.0 电缆,然后将硬盘驱动器连接到墙上的插座供电。启动系统后,驱动器按预期 100% 工作,但吞吐量除外:它没有使用 SuperSpeed 4.8 Gbps 连接,似乎正在回退到高速 480 Mbps USB 2.0 式吞吐量。磁盘实用程序将其显示为 480 Mbps 设备,并且运行几个磁盘实用程序和 dd 基准测试确认该驱动器未能超过 ~40 MB/s(USB 2.0 的近似限制),尽管它是一个能够超过那。

当我连接 USB 3.0 HDD 时,dmesg显示如下:

[ 3923.280018] usb 3-2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 6
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我希望在哪里找到这个:

[ 3923.280018] usb 3-2: new SuperSpeed USB device using xhci_hcd and address 6
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我的系统当时在内核 2.6.35-25-generic 上运行。然后,我偶然发现了这个论坛帖子,他发现 2.6.37-rc5 之前的内核中存在的错误可能是此类问题的罪魁祸首。因此,我安装了 2.6.37 通用主线 Ubuntu 内核以确定问题是否会消失。它没有,所以我尝试了 2.6.38-rc3-generic,甚至从 2010.02.01 开始的 2.6.38 nightly 都无济于事。

简而言之,我试图确定为什么在内核中支持 USB 3.0 的情况下,我的 USB 3.0 驱动器无法以全超高速吞吐量运行。

有关其他详细信息,请参阅此问题下的评论。


可能与问题相关的输出(从 2.6.38-rc3 引导时):

相关线路来自dmesg

[   19.589491] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 17 (level, low) -> IRQ 17
[   19.589512] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: setting latency timer to 64
[   19.589516] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: xHCI Host Controller
[   19.589623] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 12
[   19.650492] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: irq 17, io mem 0xf8100000
[   19.650556] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: irq 47 for MSI/MSI-X
[   19.650560] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: irq 48 for MSI/MSI-X
[   19.650563] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: irq 49 for MSI/MSI-X
[   19.653946] xHCI xhci_add_endpoint called for root hub
[   19.653948] xHCI xhci_check_bandwidth called for root hub
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的相关部分sudo lspci -v

03:00.0 USB Controller: NEC Corporation uPD720200 USB 3.0 Host Controller (rev 03) (prog-if 30)
    Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17
    Memory at f8100000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
    Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3
    Capabilities: [70] MSI: Enable- Count=1/8 Maskable- 64bit+
    Capabilities: [90] MSI-X: Enable+ Count=8 Masked-
    Capabilities: [a0] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
    Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting
    Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff
    Capabilities: [150] #18
    Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
    Kernel modules: xhci-hcd
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的相关部分sudo lsusb -v

Bus 012 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Device Descriptor:
  bLength                18
  bDescriptorType         1
  bcdUSB               3.00
  bDeviceClass            9 Hub
  bDeviceSubClass         0 Unused
  bDeviceProtocol         3 
  bMaxPacketSize0         9
  idVendor           0x1d6b Linux Foundation
  idProduct          0x0003 3.0 root hub
  bcdDevice            2.06
  iManufacturer           3 Linux 2.6.38-020638rc3-generic xhci_hcd
  iProduct                2 xHCI Host Controller
  iSerial                 1 0000:03:00.0
  bNumConfigurations      1
  Configuration Descriptor:
    bLength                 9
    bDescriptorType         2
    wTotalLength           25
    bNumInterfaces          1
    bConfigurationValue     1
    iConfiguration          0 
    bmAttributes         0xe0
      Self Powered
      Remote Wakeup
    MaxPower                0mA
    Interface Descriptor:
      bLength                 9
      bDescriptorType         4
      bInterfaceNumber        0
      bAlternateSetting       0
      bNumEndpoints           1
      bInterfaceClass         9 Hub
      bInterfaceSubClass      0 Unused
      bInterfaceProtocol      0 Full speed (or root) hub
      iInterface              0 
      Endpoint Descriptor:
        bLength                 7
        bDescriptorType         5
        bEndpointAddress     0x81  EP 1 IN
        bmAttributes            3
          Transfer Type            Interrupt
          Synch Type               None
          Usage Type               Data
        wMaxPacketSize     0x0004  1x 4 bytes
        bInterval              12
Hub Descriptor:
  bLength               9
  bDescriptorType      41
  nNbrPorts             4
  wHubCharacteristic 0x0009
    Per-port power switching
    Per-port overcurrent protection
    TT think time 8 FS bits
  bPwrOn2PwrGood       10 * 2 milli seconds
  bHubContrCurrent      0 milli Ampere
  DeviceRemovable    0x00
  PortPwrCtrlMask    0xff
 Hub Port Status:
   Port 1: 0000.0100 power
   Port 2: 0000.0100 power
   Port 3: 0000.0100 power
   Port 4: 0000.0100 power
Device Status:     0x0003
  Self Powered
  Remote Wakeup Enabled
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完整的,非冗长的lsusb

Bus 012 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 011 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 010 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 009 Device 003: ID 04d9:0702 Holtek Semiconductor, Inc. 
Bus 009 Device 002: ID 046d:c068 Logitech, Inc. G500 Laser Mouse
Bus 009 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 008 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 003 Device 006: ID 174c:5106 ASMedia Technology Inc. 
Bus 003 Device 004: ID 0bda:0151 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. Mass Storage Device (Multicard Reader)
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 058f:6366 Alcor Micro Corp. Multi Flash Reader
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 006: ID 1687:0163 Kingmax Digital Inc. 
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 046d:081b Logitech, Inc. 
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
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完整输出:

Jer*_*err 5

您确定磁盘已插入正确的 (USB 3.0) 端口吗?看起来您的 USB 3.0 控制器提供 USB 总线 #12,但磁盘连接到 USB 总线 #3。

根据您的 dmesg,USB 总线 #3 由 PCI 设备“06:01.2:USB 控制器:VIA Technologies, Inc. USB 2.0 (rev 65)”提供,它只会是 USB 2.0。

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