打开新终端时未执行 .bashrc

Question

当我在 Ubuntu 12.04 中打开一个新的终端窗口时，.bashrc 中的代码不会执行。我在创建 .bash_aliases 文件时注意到了这一点。当我打开一个新终端时，别名没有出现。但是，当我输入source .bashrc别名时，它确实出现了。

每次打开新的终端窗口时都应该运行 .bashrc 对吗？

我该如何做到这一点？

Answer 1

它不一定是运行；在标准 .bashrc 的顶部是这样的评论：

# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples

I believe there is an option to run bash terminal as a login shell or not. With Ubuntu, gnome-terminal does not normally run as a login shell, so .bashrc should be run directly.

For login shells (like the virtual terminals), normally the file ~/.profile is run, unless you have either ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bash_login, but they are not there by default. By default, Ubuntu uses only .profile.

The standard ~/.profile has this in it:

if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
    # include .bashrc if it exists
    if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
        . "$HOME/.bashrc"
    fi
fi

This runs .bashrc if it is available - assuming $BASH_VERSION is present in your environment. You can check for this by entering the command echo $BASH_VERSION, and it should display some information on version number - it should not be blank.

Answer 2

就我而言，只是.bashrc缺少加载程序行.bash_profile

# include .bashrc if it exists
if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
    . "$HOME/.bashrc"
fi

我手动添加了它，它与我的新登录一起工作

Answer 3

.bash_profile保存 bash shell 的配置。当您打开终端时，它首先从~/.bash_profile. 所以你可以.bash_profile根据bashrc添加以下内容来设置shell。

. ~/.bashrc

Answer 4

根据评论中.profile

# ~/.profile: executed by the command interpreter for login shells.
# This file is not read by bash(1), if ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bash_login
# exists.

就这样吧；如果~/.bash_profile或~/.bash_login存在，这些将被运行而不是~/.profile.

如果您想运行，~/.bashrc只需source ~/.bashrc在bash_profile.

Answer 5

如果$BASH_VERSION未设置，请尝试使用该chsh命令将您的 shell 设置为/bin/bash.

我在 12.04 LTS 上遇到了类似的问题，结果发现新用户帐户的默认 shell 设置为/bin/sh，这就是问题的原因。