Tom*_*ski 6 installation grub2 12.04
我正在尝试安装 Ubuntu。我不知道它是否重要，但我正在尝试将它安装在外部硬盘上。
最后我有外部可启动硬盘，它只显示：
error: file not found
grub recovery>
从一开始就：
我使用 GParted 查看驱动程序（磁盘）
我的主要嵌入式磁盘被视为 /dev/sda
我附加的外部磁盘为 /dev/sdb
我的 PenDrive 为 /dev/sdc
我在 /dev/sdb 上创建了分区
系统的第一个分区（超过 200GiB）
第三个是扩展分区，有 1 个本地分区 (10GiB) 用于交换
我已经开始安装
安装完成后，我重新启动了我的电脑。当我从我的主光盘启动时，它工作正常，我以前的操作系统 - vista - 工作正常。当我将 BIOS 设置为从外部光盘启动时，我只收到该消息：
error: file not found
grub recovery>
无奈之下，我尝试阅读有关“grub recovery>”命令行的一些内容并进行一些实验......我不确定这是否有任何意义，或者它是否为您提供了一些信息（注意，我不知道我在做什么:P)
当我输入命令时：
insmod (hd1,1)/boot/grub/linux.mod
我收到消息：
unknown filesystem
与以下相同：
insmod (hd1,msdos1)/boot/grub/linux.mod
与以下相同：
insmod ext3
但我在命令后没有收到任何消息：
insmod ext2
...
请注意，我真的不知道这个命令到底是做什么的，但比我想象的如果我用 ext2 文件系统重新安装 ubuntu，它会起作用。我已经这样做了，但症状是一样的。
我已经回到 ubuntu 的 Live 版本，文件系统和基本目录似乎出现在 /dev/sdb1 上......我完全不熟悉 GRUB。我也不知道 GRUB 是哪个版本，我希望 ubuntu-12.04-desktop-i386.iso 上只有一个版本
有什么帮助吗？泰克斯
====================== 编辑 17.06.2012 22:05 ==================== ======
这是来自 bootinfoscript 的 RESULTS.txt
sda 是我的内置硬盘
sdb 是外部硬盘驱动器（Ubuntu 的磁盘目标）
sdc 是带有 Live Ubuntu 的 PenDrive
Boot Info Script 0.61 [1 April 2012]
============================= Boot Info Summary: ===============================
=> Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.
=> Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb and looks at sector 1 of
the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks
for (,msdos1)/boot/grub on this drive.
=> Syslinux MBR (4.04 and higher) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdc.
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: Windows 7: FAT32
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /bootmgr /boot/bcd
sda2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System: Windows Vista
Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe
sda3: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: Extended Partition
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
sda5: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: According to the info in the boot sector, sda5 starts
at sector 63.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext2
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img
sdb3: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: xfs
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Mounting failed: mount: /dev/sdb3: can't read superblock
sdb4: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: Extended Partition
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
sdb5: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: swap
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
sdc1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: SYSLINUX 4.04 2011-04-18
Boot sector info: Syslinux looks at sector 3250552 of /dev/sdc1 for its
second stage. SYSLINUX is installed in the directory.
The integrity check of the ADV area failed. No errors
found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /syslinux/syslinux.cfg /ldlinux.sys
============================ Drive/Partition Info: =============================
Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 310101 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sda1 2,048 20,482,047 20,480,000 1c Hidden W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sda2 * 20,482,048 176,771,071 156,289,024 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
/dev/sda3 176,771,072 312,580,095 135,809,024 f W95 Extended (LBA)
/dev/sda5 176,773,120 312,580,095 135,806,976 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
Drive: sdb _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sdb: 640.1 GB, 640135028736 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77825 cylinders, total 1250263728 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 2,048 574,773,569 574,771,522 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 574,773,570 1,208,315,584 633,542,015 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
/dev/sdb4 1,208,317,950 1,229,289,471 20,971,522 f W95 Extended (LBA)
/dev/sdb5 1,208,317,952 1,229,289,471 20,971,520 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Drive: sdc _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sdc: 1971 MB, 1971322880 bytes
129 heads, 40 sectors/track, 746 cylinders, total 3850240 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sdc1 * 40 3,850,239 3,850,200 6 FAT16
"blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________
Device UUID TYPE LABEL
/dev/loop0 squashfs
/dev/loop1 7aa47a24-93a0-d54f-a03c-495cf2ee0927 ext2
/dev/sda1 3C98-AC5D vfat RECOVERY
/dev/sda2 94CA2D3CCA2D1BCC ntfs VistaOS
/dev/sda5 A2F09F72F09F4B83 ntfs DATA
/dev/sdb1 a4befd4a-f91f-4f09-9d5f-a44991ed6a2e ext2
/dev/sdb3 973a36d7-5828-4291-b455-db286cd69668 xfs
/dev/sdb5 9ce43dea-fd93-4343-969d-1243397724bd swap
/dev/sdc1 7232-C522 vfat GOODDRIVE
================================ Mount points: =================================
Device Mount_Point Type Options
/dev/loop0 /rofs squashfs (ro,noatime)
/dev/sdc1 /cdrom vfat (rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro)
=========================== sdb1/boot/grub/grub.cfg: ===========================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
set have_grubenv=true
load_env
fi
set default="0"
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function recordfail {
set recordfail=1
if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}
function load_video {
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
}
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(hd1,msdos1)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root a4befd4a-f91f-4f09-9d5f-a44991ed6a2e
if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then
set gfxmode=auto
load_video
insmod gfxterm
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(hd1,msdos1)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root a4befd4a-f91f-4f09-9d5f-a44991ed6a2e
set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale
set lang=pl_PL
insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then
set timeout=-1
else
set timeout=10
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
if background_color 44,0,30; then
clear
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
set gfxpayload="$1"
if [ "$1" = "keep" ]; then
set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7
else
set vt_handoff=
fi
}
if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then
if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi
menuentry 'Ubuntu, za pomoc? systemu Linux 3.2.0-23-generic-pae' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
recordfail
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(hd1,msdos1)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root a4befd4a-f91f-4f09-9d5f-a44991ed6a2e
linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-generic-pae root=/dev/sdb1 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-23-generic-pae
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, za pomoc? systemu Linux 3.2.0-23-generic-pae (tryb ratunkowy)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
recordfail
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(hd1,msdos1)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root a4befd4a-f91f-4f09-9d5f-a44991ed6a2e
echo 'Wczytywanie systemu Linux 3.2.0-23-generic-pae...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-generic-pae root=/dev/sdb1 ro recovery nomodeset
echo 'Wczytywanie pocz?tkowego dysku RAM...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-23-generic-pae
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(hd1,msdos1)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root a4befd4a-f91f-4f09-9d5f-a44991ed6a2e
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin
}
menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(hd1,msdos1)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root a4befd4a-f91f-4f09-9d5f-a44991ed6a2e
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry "Windows Recovery Environment (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" --class windows --class os {
insmod part_msdos
insmod fat
set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3C98-AC5D
drivemap -s (hd0) ${root}
chainloader +1
}
menuentry "Windows Vista (loader) (on /dev/sda2)" --class windows --class os {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ntfs
set root='(hd0,msdos2)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 94CA2D3CCA2D1BCC
chainloader +1
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=============================== sdb1/etc/fstab: ================================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0
# / was on /dev/sdb1 during installation
UUID=a4befd4a-f91f-4f09-9d5f-a44991ed6a2e / ext2 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# swap was on /dev/sdb5 during installation
UUID=9ce43dea-fd93-4343-969d-1243397724bd none swap sw 0 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=================== sdb1: Location of files loaded by Grub: ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
= boot/grub/core.img 1
= boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
= boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-23-generic-pae 6
= boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-generic-pae 3
= initrd.img 6
= vmlinuz 3
========================= sdc1/syslinux/syslinux.cfg: ==========================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# D-I config version 2.0
include menu.cfg
default vesamenu.c32
prompt 0
timeout 50
ui gfxboot bootlogo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
================= sdc1: Location of files loaded by Syslinux: ==================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? ldlinux.sys 1
?? = ?? syslinux/chain.c32 1
?? = ?? syslinux/gfxboot.c32 1
?? = ?? syslinux/syslinux.cfg 1
?? = ?? syslinux/vesamenu.c32 1
============== sdc1: Version of COM32(R) files used by Syslinux: ===============
syslinux/chain.c32 : COM32R module (v4.xx)
syslinux/gfxboot.c32 : COM32R module (v4.xx)
syslinux/vesamenu.c32 : COM32R module (v4.xx)
=============================== StdErr Messages: ===============================
xz: (stdin): Compressed data is corrupt
awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in
awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in
awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in
awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in
awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in
awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in
/home/ubuntu/Pobrane/bootinfoscript-061/bootinfoscript: line 1646: [: 2.73495e+09: integer expression expected
我不得不说终端上打印的脚本：
Boot Info Script 0.61 [1 April 2012]
"gawk" could not be found, using "busybox awk" instead.
This may lead to unreliable results.
Identifying MBRs...
Computing Partition Table of /dev/sda...
Computing Partition Table of /dev/sdb...
Computing Partition Table of /dev/sdc...
Searching sda1 for information...
Searching sda2 for information...
Searching sda3 for information...
Searching sda5 for information...
Searching sdb1 for information...
Searching sdb3 for information...
Searching sdb4 for information...
Searching sdb5 for information...
Searching sdc1 for information...
Finished. The results are in the file "RESULTS.txt"
located in "/home/ubuntu/Pobrane/bootinfoscript-061/".
============== 编辑 18.06.2012 18:38 ==============
好的，这或多或少是我的 grub 恢复会话的副本：
error: file not found
grub recovery> set
prefix=(hd0,msdos1)/boot/grub
root=hd0,msdos1
grub recovery> ls
(hd0) (hd0,msdos3) (hd0,msdos1) (hd1) (hd1,msdos5) (hd1,msdos2) (hd1,msdos1)
grub recovery> ls $prefix
error: file not found
grub recovery>
然后我在几条路径上使用了 'ls' cmd，结果很奇怪（我认为）：
grub recovery> ls (hd0,msdos1)/boot
grub recovery> ls (hd0,msdos1)/boot/grub
error: file not found
grub recovery> ls (hd0,msdos1)/lib
grub recovery> ls (hd0,msdos1)/bin
grub recovery> ls (hd0,msdos1)/sys
./ ../
grub recovery> ls (hd0,msdos1)/sbin
grub recovery> ls (hd0,msdos1)/usr
./ ../ local/ (and some other things)
这是正常的吗？当我通过 Live Ubuntu 挂载这个外部硬盘时，我可以看到 /boot/grub 及其内容
使用 grub 能够在文件系统上看到一些文件但不能看到全部文件的症状通常意味着您的 BIOS 有错误并且无法正确处理大型驱动器 ( http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Large-Disk-HOWTO-4 .html )。发生的情况是 BIOS 无法读取驱动器中超过某个点的块，因此如果您的根文件系统在该限制之前启动，但在该限制之后结束，则某些文件将在引导时通过 BIOS 访问，而其他文件则不会't。解决此问题的标准方法是在驱动器的开头附近创建一个小的 /boot/ 分区，以确保需要通过 BIOS 读取的所有内容都可以。
在这种情况下，我通常会预期 grub 会出现“磁盘不足”错误，但我不知道为什么我们没有看到这些错误。确认问题是 BIOS 限制的一种方法是进入 BIOS 菜单并查看它列出的驱动器大小，如果列出的大小小于实际大小，则说明您的 BIOS 有问题。另一种方法是，如果您的 BIOS 没有在其菜单中的任何位置列出大小，则从 grub 运行“ls -l”并查看那里列出的大小。不幸的是，您无法从救援外壳运行“ls -l”，因此您需要从 grub CD 启动，或者已经使用小 /boot/ 分区修复了问题，然后才能从在 grub 内。